The world's most polluted cities, ranked

478 of 2,622 measured cities in 86 countries breathed air above the WHO 24-hour guideline of 15 µg/m³ over the last 30 days. The worst was Miryang, South Korea, at 307.9.

#225 Hanumāngarh 30.8 µg/m³, more polluted than 91% of 2,622
← Miryang 307.9 µg/m³ 300 µg/m³15 WHO 24-hour guideline
Every ranked city, one column each, worst on the left and cleanest on the right; height is PM2.5 in µg/m³. Point at it to read a city; tap to open it.
  1. 1MiryangGyeongsangnam-do, South Korea 10+
  2. 2HwasunJeollanam-do, South Korea 10+
  3. 3NangenJeollabuk-do, South Korea 10+
  4. 4SeosanChungcheongnam-do, South Korea 10+
  5. 5GaigeturiJeju-do, South Korea 10+
  6. 6Hwaseong-siGyeonggi-do, South Korea 10+
  7. 7Taesal-liChungcheongnam-do, South Korea 10+
  8. 8KosongGangwon-do, South Korea 10+
  9. 9SeogwipoJeju-do, South Korea 10+
  10. 10AnseongGyeonggi-do, South Korea 10+
  11. 11SinhyeonGyeongsangnam-do, South Korea 10+
  12. 12NonsanChungcheongnam-do, South Korea 10+
  13. 13ChangsuJeollabuk-do, South Korea 10+
  14. 14MokpoJeollanam-do, South Korea 10+
  15. 15KimjeJeollabuk-do, South Korea 10+
  16. 16JeongeupJeollabuk-do, South Korea 10+
  17. 17HadongGyeongsangnam-do, South Korea 10+
  18. 18Yangp'yŏngGyeonggi-do, South Korea 10+
  19. 19CheorwonGangwon-do, South Korea 10+
  20. 20KunwiGyeongsangbuk-do, South Korea 10+
  21. 21GeojeGyeongsangnam-do, South Korea 10+
  22. 22ChinjuGyeongsangnam-do, South Korea 10+
  23. 23YesanChungcheongnam-do, South Korea 10+
  24. 24PubalGyeonggi-do, South Korea 10+
  25. 25BuanJeollabuk-do, South Korea 10+
  26. 26YeojuGyeonggi-do, South Korea 10+
  27. 27YŏnmuChungcheongnam-do, South Korea 10+
  28. 28NamsaJeollabuk-do, South Korea 10+
  29. 29YangsanGyeongsangnam-do, South Korea 10+
  30. 30BuyeoChungcheongnam-do, South Korea 10+
  31. 30HwawŏnDaegu, South Korea 10+
  32. 32GunsanJeollabuk-do, South Korea 10+
  33. 33TangjinChungcheongnam-do, South Korea 10+
  34. 34GangneungGangwon-do, South Korea 10
  35. 35Cheongju-siNorth Chungcheong, South Korea 10
  36. 36YeonggwangJeollanam-do, South Korea 10
  37. 37YecheonGyeongsangbuk-do, South Korea 10
  38. 38JungpyongNorth Chungcheong, South Korea 10
  39. 39Ganghwa-gunIncheon, South Korea 10
  40. 40KoesanNorth Chungcheong, South Korea 10
  41. 41GoseongGyeongsangnam-do, South Korea 10
  42. 42YeongdongNorth Chungcheong, South Korea 10
  43. 42YangjuGyeonggi-do, South Korea 10
  44. 42BoryeongChungcheongnam-do, South Korea 10
  45. 45JangheungJeollanam-do, South Korea 10
  46. 46Jeju CityJeju-do, South Korea 10
  47. 47Koch'angJeollabuk-do, South Korea 10
  48. 48Icheon-siGyeonggi-do, South Korea 10
  49. 49MuanJeollanam-do, South Korea 9
  50. 50HongseongChungcheongnam-do, South Korea 9
All 2,622 cities
Low risk1–3
Moderate risk4–6
High risk7–10
Very high risk10+

Canada's AQHI+ for PM2.5 (1 point per 10 µg/m³), which is defined on hourly values. Show values as: µg/m³ · US AQI · India AQI · China AQI · European AQI · UK DAQI · Canada AQHI+. About the scales

Who led, day by day

Hwasun2 days #12026-09-02: 424.0 µg/m³2026-09-03: 13.4 µg/m³2026-09-04: 8.0 µg/m³2026-09-05: 422.0 µg/m³, #52026-09-06: 1,260.0 µg/m³, #12026-09-07: 12.2 µg/m³2026-09-08: 11.8 µg/m³2026-09-09: 9.9 µg/m³2026-09-10: 839.0 µg/m³, #42026-09-11: 426.0 µg/m³2026-09-12: 843.0 µg/m³, #22026-09-13: 844.0 µg/m³, #12026-09-14: 845.0 µg/m³, #82026-09-15: 433.0 µg/m³2026-09-16: 15.4 µg/m³2026-09-17: 423.0 µg/m³2026-09-18: 424.0 µg/m³2026-09-19: 425.0 µg/m³, #32026-09-20: 425.0 µg/m³, #32026-09-21: 428.0 µg/m³2026-09-22: 12.6 µg/m³2026-09-23: 12.1 µg/m³2026-09-24: 10.4 µg/m³2026-09-25: 17.3 µg/m³2026-09-26: 5.8 µg/m³2026-09-27: 8.1 µg/m³2026-09-28: 10.8 µg/m³2026-09-29: 10.9 µg/m³2026-09-30: 10.0 µg/m³2026-10-01: 8.3 µg/m³Miryang2 days #12026-09-02: 1,260.0 µg/m³, #32026-09-03: 15.8 µg/m³2026-09-04: 7.3 µg/m³2026-09-05: 5.4 µg/m³2026-09-06: 10.3 µg/m³2026-09-07: 12.5 µg/m³2026-09-08: 7.1 µg/m³2026-09-09: 840.0 µg/m³, #72026-09-10: 423.0 µg/m³2026-09-11: 839.0 µg/m³2026-09-12: 425.0 µg/m³, #52026-09-15: 14.4 µg/m³2026-09-16: 842.0 µg/m³2026-09-17: 5.8 µg/m³2026-09-18: 1,260.0 µg/m³, #12026-09-19: 842.0 µg/m³, #22026-09-20: 842.0 µg/m³, #12026-09-21: 844.0 µg/m³, #72026-09-22: 10.6 µg/m³2026-09-23: 8.0 µg/m³2026-09-24: 15.3 µg/m³2026-09-25: 19.6 µg/m³2026-09-26: 10.2 µg/m³2026-09-27: 11.0 µg/m³2026-09-28: 15.9 µg/m³2026-09-29: 14.0 µg/m³2026-09-30: 9.8 µg/m³2026-10-01: 11.4 µg/m³Gurugram2 days #12026-09-02: 48.7 µg/m³2026-09-03: 46.3 µg/m³2026-09-04: 30.4 µg/m³2026-09-05: 28.9 µg/m³2026-09-06: 33.2 µg/m³2026-09-07: 45.1 µg/m³2026-09-08: 28.8 µg/m³2026-09-09: 52.3 µg/m³2026-09-10: 82.9 µg/m³2026-09-11: 66.4 µg/m³2026-09-12: 33.5 µg/m³2026-09-13: 24.3 µg/m³2026-09-14: 38.2 µg/m³2026-09-15: 44.2 µg/m³2026-09-16: 31.0 µg/m³2026-09-17: 33.4 µg/m³2026-09-18: 34.3 µg/m³2026-09-19: 111.0 µg/m³, #102026-09-20: 122.9 µg/m³, #92026-09-21: 160.5 µg/m³2026-09-22: 165.1 µg/m³, #42026-09-23: 170.0 µg/m³, #12026-09-24: 112.2 µg/m³, #22026-09-25: 47.2 µg/m³2026-09-26: 57.0 µg/m³2026-09-27: 60.9 µg/m³2026-09-28: 104.0 µg/m³, #12026-09-29: 20.5 µg/m³Kinshasa2 days #12026-09-02: 70.1 µg/m³2026-09-03: 43.2 µg/m³2026-09-04: 73.1 µg/m³2026-09-05: 51.9 µg/m³2026-09-06: 78.5 µg/m³2026-09-07: 111.2 µg/m³2026-09-08: 138.0 µg/m³2026-09-09: 58.3 µg/m³2026-09-10: 70.7 µg/m³2026-09-11: 83.0 µg/m³2026-09-12: 70.9 µg/m³2026-09-14: 86.5 µg/m³2026-09-15: 102.1 µg/m³2026-09-16: 51.1 µg/m³2026-09-17: 56.0 µg/m³2026-09-18: 72.4 µg/m³2026-09-19: 71.9 µg/m³2026-09-20: 73.4 µg/m³2026-09-21: 71.2 µg/m³2026-09-23: 113.0 µg/m³, #32026-09-24: 151.0 µg/m³, #12026-09-25: 114.0 µg/m³, #12026-09-26: 65.6 µg/m³2026-09-27: 50.1 µg/m³2026-09-28: 58.2 µg/m³2026-09-30: 75.5 µg/m³, #42026-10-01: 48.5 µg/m³Gujranwala2 days #12026-09-02: 48.3 µg/m³2026-09-03: 50.9 µg/m³2026-09-04: 45.9 µg/m³2026-09-05: 63.5 µg/m³2026-09-06: 51.0 µg/m³2026-09-07: 69.1 µg/m³2026-09-08: 80.0 µg/m³2026-09-09: 65.9 µg/m³2026-09-10: 49.4 µg/m³2026-09-11: 58.0 µg/m³2026-09-12: 59.6 µg/m³2026-09-13: 77.4 µg/m³, #72026-09-14: 46.7 µg/m³2026-09-15: 45.1 µg/m³2026-09-16: 55.2 µg/m³2026-09-17: 34.1 µg/m³2026-09-18: 46.2 µg/m³2026-09-19: 89.2 µg/m³2026-09-20: 87.6 µg/m³2026-09-21: 130.0 µg/m³2026-09-22: 108.5 µg/m³, #62026-09-23: 104.0 µg/m³, #42026-09-24: 96.4 µg/m³, #52026-09-25: 83.0 µg/m³, #62026-09-26: 67.8 µg/m³, #102026-09-27: 105.5 µg/m³, #12026-09-28: 53.9 µg/m³2026-09-29: 52.5 µg/m³2026-09-30: 81.0 µg/m³, #32026-10-01: 104.0 µg/m³, #1Yesan1 day #12026-09-02: 1,270.0 µg/m³, #12026-09-03: 21.0 µg/m³2026-09-04: 7.9 µg/m³2026-09-05: 7.7 µg/m³2026-09-06: 6.2 µg/m³2026-09-07: 8.9 µg/m³2026-09-08: 16.4 µg/m³2026-09-09: 840.0 µg/m³, #62026-09-10: 7.9 µg/m³2026-09-11: 11.0 µg/m³2026-09-12: 22.2 µg/m³2026-09-13: 26.0 µg/m³2026-09-14: 21.9 µg/m³2026-09-15: 11.3 µg/m³2026-09-16: 13.3 µg/m³2026-09-17: 7.6 µg/m³2026-09-18: 840.0 µg/m³, #62026-09-19: 9.9 µg/m³2026-09-20: 14.0 µg/m³2026-09-21: 17.9 µg/m³2026-09-22: 17.3 µg/m³2026-09-23: 19.3 µg/m³2026-09-24: 19.6 µg/m³2026-09-25: 20.5 µg/m³2026-09-26: 10.7 µg/m³2026-09-27: 13.3 µg/m³2026-09-28: 17.0 µg/m³2026-09-29: 18.6 µg/m³2026-09-30: 17.2 µg/m³2026-10-01: 5.8 µg/m³Gaigeturi1 day #12026-09-02: 1,260.0 µg/m³, #52026-09-03: 1,260.0 µg/m³, #12026-09-04: 632.0 µg/m³, #62026-09-05: 5.5 µg/m³2026-09-06: 8.5 µg/m³2026-09-07: 12.3 µg/m³2026-09-08: 9.8 µg/m³2026-09-09: 425.3 µg/m³2026-09-10: 5.7 µg/m³2026-09-11: 215.0 µg/m³2026-09-12: 7.8 µg/m³2026-09-13: 6.6 µg/m³2026-09-14: 1,260.0 µg/m³, #22026-09-15: 8.6 µg/m³2026-09-16: 9.5 µg/m³2026-09-17: 628.3 µg/m³2026-09-18: 5.7 µg/m³2026-09-19: 8.2 µg/m³2026-09-20: 6.8 µg/m³2026-09-21: 11.7 µg/m³2026-09-22: 8.4 µg/m³2026-09-23: 6.3 µg/m³2026-09-24: 9.3 µg/m³2026-09-25: 9.7 µg/m³2026-09-26: 5.5 µg/m³2026-09-27: 3.7 µg/m³2026-09-28: 6.7 µg/m³2026-09-29: 5.6 µg/m³2026-09-30: 7.3 µg/m³2026-10-01: 6.4 µg/m³Yecheon1 day #12026-09-02: 421.0 µg/m³2026-09-03: 6.3 µg/m³2026-09-04: 1,260.0 µg/m³, #12026-09-05: 5.0 µg/m³2026-09-06: 7.6 µg/m³2026-09-07: 10.0 µg/m³2026-09-08: 10.3 µg/m³2026-09-09: 5.7 µg/m³2026-09-10: 5.8 µg/m³2026-09-11: 7.4 µg/m³2026-09-12: 9.0 µg/m³2026-09-13: 11.3 µg/m³2026-09-15: 14.5 µg/m³2026-09-16: 843.0 µg/m³2026-09-17: 5.9 µg/m³2026-09-18: 8.4 µg/m³2026-09-19: 8.1 µg/m³2026-09-20: 7.9 µg/m³2026-09-21: 12.0 µg/m³2026-09-22: 9.8 µg/m³2026-09-23: 8.3 µg/m³2026-09-24: 15.3 µg/m³2026-09-25: 17.8 µg/m³2026-09-26: 9.2 µg/m³2026-09-27: 8.5 µg/m³2026-09-28: 12.2 µg/m³2026-09-29: 10.0 µg/m³2026-09-30: 10.9 µg/m³2026-10-01: 8.4 µg/m³Cheorwon1 day #12026-09-02: 427.0 µg/m³2026-09-03: 13.0 µg/m³2026-09-04: 10.4 µg/m³2026-09-05: 1,260.0 µg/m³, #12026-09-06: 5.6 µg/m³2026-09-07: 1,050.5 µg/m³, #32026-09-08: 12.5 µg/m³2026-09-09: 217.2 µg/m³2026-09-10: 8.4 µg/m³2026-09-11: 11.2 µg/m³2026-09-12: 16.8 µg/m³2026-09-13: 17.5 µg/m³2026-09-14: 19.3 µg/m³2026-09-15: 13.5 µg/m³2026-09-16: 12.4 µg/m³2026-09-17: 11.4 µg/m³2026-09-18: 218.6 µg/m³2026-09-19: 12.4 µg/m³2026-09-20: 13.7 µg/m³2026-09-21: 224.2 µg/m³2026-09-22: 20.0 µg/m³2026-09-23: 18.5 µg/m³2026-09-24: 19.9 µg/m³2026-09-25: 12.5 µg/m³2026-09-26: 7.7 µg/m³2026-09-27: 15.8 µg/m³2026-09-28: 16.9 µg/m³2026-09-29: 12.5 µg/m³2026-09-30: 15.5 µg/m³2026-10-01: 9.5 µg/m³T’aebaek1 day #12026-09-02: 419.0 µg/m³2026-09-03: 3.7 µg/m³2026-09-04: 3.3 µg/m³2026-09-05: 2.3 µg/m³2026-09-06: 4.1 µg/m³2026-09-07: 1,260.0 µg/m³, #12026-09-08: 4.4 µg/m³2026-09-09: 3.1 µg/m³2026-09-10: 2.7 µg/m³2026-09-11: 3.0 µg/m³2026-09-12: 3.5 µg/m³2026-09-13: 8.5 µg/m³2026-09-14: 11.1 µg/m³2026-09-15: 9.0 µg/m³2026-09-16: 7.3 µg/m³2026-09-17: 3.1 µg/m³2026-09-18: 3.5 µg/m³2026-09-19: 5.0 µg/m³2026-09-20: 6.3 µg/m³2026-09-21: 6.9 µg/m³2026-09-22: 5.4 µg/m³2026-09-23: 4.6 µg/m³2026-09-24: 10.0 µg/m³2026-09-25: 9.3 µg/m³2026-09-26: 4.4 µg/m³2026-09-27: 4.4 µg/m³2026-09-28: 8.6 µg/m³2026-09-29: 4.8 µg/m³2026-09-30: 7.6 µg/m³2026-10-01: 9.0 µg/m³Sep 2Oct 1
Every city that was the world's most polluted on at least one of the last 30 days. Filled square: #1 that day; ring: in the top 10; dot: measured but lower. Each city's own local day.

The world's air, last 30 days

2026-09-02: 128 of 2638 cities very high risk (5%)2026-09-02: 5 of 2638 cities high risk (0%)2026-09-02: 87 of 2638 cities moderate risk (3%)2026-09-02: 2418 of 2638 cities low risk (92%)Sep 22026-09-03: 24 of 2661 cities very high risk (1%)2026-09-03: 8 of 2661 cities high risk (0%)2026-09-03: 97 of 2661 cities moderate risk (4%)2026-09-03: 2532 of 2661 cities low risk (95%)2026-09-04: 17 of 2654 cities very high risk (1%)2026-09-04: 13 of 2654 cities high risk (0%)2026-09-04: 85 of 2654 cities moderate risk (3%)2026-09-04: 2539 of 2654 cities low risk (96%)2026-09-05: 14 of 2665 cities very high risk (1%)2026-09-05: 11 of 2665 cities high risk (0%)2026-09-05: 77 of 2665 cities moderate risk (3%)2026-09-05: 2563 of 2665 cities low risk (96%)2026-09-06: 14 of 2454 cities very high risk (1%)2026-09-06: 11 of 2454 cities high risk (0%)2026-09-06: 86 of 2454 cities moderate risk (4%)2026-09-06: 2343 of 2454 cities low risk (95%)2026-09-07: 25 of 2634 cities very high risk (1%)2026-09-07: 14 of 2634 cities high risk (1%)2026-09-07: 98 of 2634 cities moderate risk (4%)2026-09-07: 2497 of 2634 cities low risk (95%)Sep 72026-09-08: 15 of 2595 cities very high risk (1%)2026-09-08: 14 of 2595 cities high risk (1%)2026-09-08: 101 of 2595 cities moderate risk (4%)2026-09-08: 2465 of 2595 cities low risk (95%)2026-09-09: 34 of 2629 cities very high risk (1%)2026-09-09: 17 of 2629 cities high risk (1%)2026-09-09: 104 of 2629 cities moderate risk (4%)2026-09-09: 2474 of 2629 cities low risk (94%)2026-09-10: 23 of 2575 cities very high risk (1%)2026-09-10: 19 of 2575 cities high risk (1%)2026-09-10: 114 of 2575 cities moderate risk (4%)2026-09-10: 2419 of 2575 cities low risk (94%)2026-09-11: 32 of 2408 cities very high risk (1%)2026-09-11: 9 of 2408 cities high risk (0%)2026-09-11: 102 of 2408 cities moderate risk (4%)2026-09-11: 2265 of 2408 cities low risk (94%)2026-09-12: 7 of 2483 cities very high risk (0%)2026-09-12: 9 of 2483 cities high risk (0%)2026-09-12: 95 of 2483 cities moderate risk (4%)2026-09-12: 2372 of 2483 cities low risk (96%)2026-09-13: 6 of 2299 cities very high risk (0%)2026-09-13: 10 of 2299 cities high risk (0%)2026-09-13: 87 of 2299 cities moderate risk (4%)2026-09-13: 2196 of 2299 cities low risk (96%)2026-09-14: 18 of 2453 cities very high risk (1%)2026-09-14: 10 of 2453 cities high risk (0%)2026-09-14: 88 of 2453 cities moderate risk (4%)2026-09-14: 2337 of 2453 cities low risk (95%)Sep 142026-09-15: 25 of 2548 cities very high risk (1%)2026-09-15: 8 of 2548 cities high risk (0%)2026-09-15: 108 of 2548 cities moderate risk (4%)2026-09-15: 2407 of 2548 cities low risk (94%)2026-09-16: 36 of 2623 cities very high risk (1%)2026-09-16: 16 of 2623 cities high risk (1%)2026-09-16: 122 of 2623 cities moderate risk (5%)2026-09-16: 2449 of 2623 cities low risk (93%)2026-09-17: 23 of 2605 cities very high risk (1%)2026-09-17: 10 of 2605 cities high risk (0%)2026-09-17: 115 of 2605 cities moderate risk (4%)2026-09-17: 2457 of 2605 cities low risk (94%)2026-09-18: 23 of 2687 cities very high risk (1%)2026-09-18: 8 of 2687 cities high risk (0%)2026-09-18: 94 of 2687 cities moderate risk (3%)2026-09-18: 2562 of 2687 cities low risk (95%)2026-09-19: 10 of 2687 cities very high risk (0%)2026-09-19: 24 of 2687 cities high risk (1%)2026-09-19: 104 of 2687 cities moderate risk (4%)2026-09-19: 2549 of 2687 cities low risk (95%)2026-09-20: 11 of 2423 cities very high risk (0%)2026-09-20: 26 of 2423 cities high risk (1%)2026-09-20: 95 of 2423 cities moderate risk (4%)2026-09-20: 2291 of 2423 cities low risk (95%)2026-09-21: 31 of 2553 cities very high risk (1%)2026-09-21: 28 of 2553 cities high risk (1%)2026-09-21: 114 of 2553 cities moderate risk (4%)2026-09-21: 2380 of 2553 cities low risk (93%)Sep 212026-09-22: 7 of 2629 cities very high risk (0%)2026-09-22: 33 of 2629 cities high risk (1%)2026-09-22: 118 of 2629 cities moderate risk (4%)2026-09-22: 2471 of 2629 cities low risk (94%)2026-09-23: 6 of 2686 cities very high risk (0%)2026-09-23: 38 of 2686 cities high risk (1%)2026-09-23: 99 of 2686 cities moderate risk (4%)2026-09-23: 2543 of 2686 cities low risk (95%)2026-09-24: 2 of 2702 cities very high risk (0%)2026-09-24: 33 of 2702 cities high risk (1%)2026-09-24: 105 of 2702 cities moderate risk (4%)2026-09-24: 2562 of 2702 cities low risk (95%)2026-09-25: 1 of 2660 cities very high risk (0%)2026-09-25: 19 of 2660 cities high risk (1%)2026-09-25: 84 of 2660 cities moderate risk (3%)2026-09-25: 2556 of 2660 cities low risk (96%)2026-09-26: 20 of 2667 cities high risk (1%)2026-09-26: 74 of 2667 cities moderate risk (3%)2026-09-26: 2573 of 2667 cities low risk (96%)2026-09-27: 2 of 2558 cities very high risk (0%)2026-09-27: 12 of 2558 cities high risk (0%)2026-09-27: 69 of 2558 cities moderate risk (3%)2026-09-27: 2475 of 2558 cities low risk (97%)2026-09-28: 1 of 2637 cities very high risk (0%)2026-09-28: 10 of 2637 cities high risk (0%)2026-09-28: 108 of 2637 cities moderate risk (4%)2026-09-28: 2518 of 2637 cities low risk (95%)Sep 282026-09-29: 1 of 2672 cities very high risk (0%)2026-09-29: 10 of 2672 cities high risk (0%)2026-09-29: 131 of 2672 cities moderate risk (5%)2026-09-29: 2530 of 2672 cities low risk (95%)2026-09-30: 11 of 2422 cities high risk (0%)2026-09-30: 33 of 2422 cities moderate risk (1%)2026-09-30: 2378 of 2422 cities low risk (98%)2026-10-01: 1 of 1464 cities very high risk (0%)2026-10-01: 3 of 1464 cities high risk (0%)2026-10-01: 32 of 1464 cities moderate risk (2%)2026-10-01: 1428 of 1464 cities low risk (98%)Oct 1
Each day's ranked cities split by band, worst at the top: a taller red and purple share means a worse day for more of the world, not just one city.

Climbing fastest

Movement shows once the board is a day old.

Cleanest air

Cities with reference monitors only.

What's missing

We rank only cities whose monitor data we're allowed to reuse. The government monitoring networks of China and Turkey publish no terms that allow this, so we leave them out: most cities there are missing here, not clean. The few of their cities that appear are measured by community low-cost sensors, tagged as such. Why.

Use this board

SmogRank, most polluted cities, PM2.5, last 30 days to 2 Oct 2026, 07:00 UTC, smogrank.com/?w=30d.

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You're welcome to reuse a single chart, image or figure with this citation and a link. Terms.

Updated 2026-10-02 07:07 UTC. Values are PM2.5 (fine particles), the median of each city's monitors, as the Canada AQHI+ PM2.5 sub-index.