SmogRank / Episodes / Brazil

Southern Brazil, 30 September to 4 October 2024

For 5 days, from 30 September to 4 October 2024, 26 cities in Brazil had PM2.5 at least twice their usual for the time of year. The worst reading was Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo, Brazil: 54.4 µg/m³ on 2 October, about 3.5× its usual 15.6. Ended 4 October.

Likely smoke from firesFires were detected within 300 km of the city on 100% of the counted city-days. Satellites see crop, field and forest fires alike, so this doesn't say which burned.
Cities reached26in 1 country
Days530 September to 4 October 2024
Worst day2 October19 cities counted
Furthest above usual4.5×Ibirité

Day by day

2 October 19 cities at twice their usual or more
TaubatéSantosGuaratinguetáDuque de CaxiasBarra LongaMaringáTimóteoIpatingaGuarapuavaAraucáriaNova UniãoSão José do Rio PretoConceição do Mato DentroFerraz de VasconcelosCoronel FabricianoRio ClaroCampinasPaulíniaLimeiraSão José dos CamposSão PauloPiracicabaSanto AndréItabiraRibeirão PretoItaquaquecetubaBelo HorizonteJundiaíCuritibaBetimRio de JaneiroPresidente PrudenteCongonhasBauruIbirité

No fire and smoke map for this day.

27 Sep2829301 Oct234567
Every measured city in the area, coloured by its PM2.5 that day; a dark ring marks a city at twice its usual or more. Bars: cities counted each day, coloured by their median level. Choose a day or press play; without JavaScript, the days link to that day's world ranking.
  • Fires, seenHeat NASA satellites detected that day; bigger and glowing means more detections in the area. Farm burning and other fires count too, not only wildfires.

Under the cities, for each UTC day: fires NASA satellites detected, smoke NOAA analysts traced and volcanic ash warnings for aircraft. They show what was in the air, not that it caused the readings. Mapped for 1 of the 11 days shown.

Fires: NASA FIRMS (VIIRS). Traced smoke: NOAA Hazard Mapping System. Volcanic ash: aviation ash warnings (SIGMETs) via NOAA's Aviation Weather Center.

How it spread

São José do Rio Pre…São José do Rio Preto, 27 September: 71.0 µg/m³São José do Rio Preto, 28 September: 27.5 µg/m³São José do Rio Preto, 29 September: 30.6 µg/m³São José do Rio Preto, 30 September: 41.8 µg/m³, 2.5× its usual 17.0São José do Rio Preto, 1 October: 32.2 µg/m³São José do Rio Preto, 2 October: 33.9 µg/m³, 2.0× its usual 16.7São José do Rio Preto, 3 October: 83.1 µg/m³São José do Rio Preto, 4 October: 49.5 µg/m³São José do Rio Preto, 5 October: 21.4 µg/m³São José do Rio Preto, 6 October: 24.4 µg/m³São José do Rio Preto, 7 October: 35.3 µg/m³Rio ClaroRio Claro, 27 September: 34.8 µg/m³Rio Claro, 28 September: 19.9 µg/m³Rio Claro, 29 September: 24.0 µg/m³Rio Claro, 30 September: 34.5 µg/m³, 2.0× its usual 17.0Rio Claro, 1 October: 45.6 µg/m³, 2.7× its usual 17.0Rio Claro, 2 October: 47.1 µg/m³, 2.8× its usual 16.6Rio Claro, 3 October: 26.0 µg/m³Rio Claro, 4 October: 10.0 µg/m³Rio Claro, 5 October: 14.5 µg/m³Rio Claro, 6 October: 19.8 µg/m³Rio Claro, 7 October: 22.5 µg/m³PaulíniaPaulínia, 27 September: 27.7 µg/m³Paulínia, 28 September: 11.7 µg/m³Paulínia, 29 September: 21.6 µg/m³Paulínia, 30 September: 30.0 µg/m³, 2.2× its usual 13.7Paulínia, 1 October: 40.4 µg/m³, 2.9× its usual 13.7Paulínia, 2 October: 35.0 µg/m³, 2.6× its usual 13.5Paulínia, 3 October: 21.3 µg/m³Paulínia, 4 October: 6.5 µg/m³Paulínia, 5 October: 9.9 µg/m³Paulínia, 6 October: 14.6 µg/m³Paulínia, 7 October: 12.9 µg/m³CampinasCampinas, 27 September: 25.8 µg/m³Campinas, 28 September: 11.6 µg/m³Campinas, 29 September: 18.3 µg/m³Campinas, 30 September: 28.0 µg/m³, 2.1× its usual 13.2Campinas, 1 October: 34.0 µg/m³, 2.8× its usual 12.3Campinas, 2 October: 34.5 µg/m³, 2.9× its usual 12.0Campinas, 3 October: 15.9 µg/m³Campinas, 4 October: 7.4 µg/m³Campinas, 5 October: 9.1 µg/m³Campinas, 6 October: 12.0 µg/m³Campinas, 7 October: 12.4 µg/m³Ribeirão PretoRibeirão Preto, 27 September: 70.5 µg/m³Ribeirão Preto, 28 September: 30.4 µg/m³Ribeirão Preto, 29 September: 22.8 µg/m³Ribeirão Preto, 30 September: 25.7 µg/m³Ribeirão Preto, 1 October: 40.7 µg/m³, 2.6× its usual 15.7Ribeirão Preto, 2 October: 54.4 µg/m³, 3.5× its usual 15.6Ribeirão Preto, 3 October: 74.5 µg/m³Ribeirão Preto, 4 October: 35.3 µg/m³Ribeirão Preto, 5 October: 28.2 µg/m³Ribeirão Preto, 6 October: 46.2 µg/m³Ribeirão Preto, 7 October: 52.3 µg/m³BauruBauru, 27 September: 32.7 µg/m³Bauru, 28 September: 10.8 µg/m³Bauru, 29 September: 20.7 µg/m³Bauru, 30 September: 23.5 µg/m³Bauru, 1 October: 37.8 µg/m³, 3.1× its usual 12.3Bauru, 2 October: 54.2 µg/m³, 4.4× its usual 12.3Bauru, 3 October: 13.4 µg/m³Bauru, 4 October: 9.5 µg/m³Bauru, 5 October: 11.6 µg/m³Bauru, 6 October: 11.7 µg/m³Bauru, 7 October: 13.9 µg/m³LimeiraLimeira, 27 September: 29.6 µg/m³Limeira, 28 September: 12.5 µg/m³Limeira, 29 September: 21.9 µg/m³Limeira, 30 September: 26.0 µg/m³Limeira, 1 October: 36.3 µg/m³, 2.4× its usual 15.1Limeira, 2 October: 41.3 µg/m³, 2.9× its usual 14.4Limeira, 3 October: 21.4 µg/m³Limeira, 4 October: 8.0 µg/m³Limeira, 5 October: 12.0 µg/m³Limeira, 6 October: 14.5 µg/m³Limeira, 7 October: 19.2 µg/m³ItaquaquecetubaItaquaquecetuba, 27 September: 27.9 µg/m³Itaquaquecetuba, 28 September: 7.8 µg/m³Itaquaquecetuba, 29 September: 11.6 µg/m³Itaquaquecetuba, 30 September: 21.0 µg/m³Itaquaquecetuba, 1 October: 34.3 µg/m³, 3.2× its usual 10.6Itaquaquecetuba, 2 October: 38.0 µg/m³, 3.6× its usual 10.5Itaquaquecetuba, 3 October: 12.3 µg/m³Itaquaquecetuba, 4 October: 4.3 µg/m³Itaquaquecetuba, 5 October: no readingItaquaquecetuba, 6 October: 13.3 µg/m³Itaquaquecetuba, 7 October: 11.2 µg/m³Santo AndréSanto André, 27 September: 17.3 µg/m³Santo André, 28 September: 8.2 µg/m³Santo André, 29 September: 11.3 µg/m³Santo André, 30 September: 24.0 µg/m³Santo André, 1 October: 34.1 µg/m³, 2.8× its usual 12.1Santo André, 2 October: 41.5 µg/m³, 3.4× its usual 12.2Santo André, 3 October: 11.1 µg/m³Santo André, 4 October: 4.0 µg/m³Santo André, 5 October: 8.6 µg/m³Santo André, 6 October: 17.0 µg/m³Santo André, 7 October: 8.9 µg/m³PiracicabaPiracicaba, 27 September: 28.7 µg/m³Piracicaba, 28 September: 12.4 µg/m³Piracicaba, 29 September: 20.8 µg/m³Piracicaba, 30 September: 25.3 µg/m³Piracicaba, 1 October: 33.7 µg/m³, 2.6× its usual 13.0Piracicaba, 2 October: 42.5 µg/m³, 3.3× its usual 12.8Piracicaba, 3 October: 17.1 µg/m³Piracicaba, 4 October: 7.5 µg/m³Piracicaba, 5 October: 9.9 µg/m³Piracicaba, 6 October: 11.8 µg/m³Piracicaba, 7 October: 14.6 µg/m³Presidente PrudentePresidente Prudente, 27 September: 18.7 µg/m³Presidente Prudente, 28 September: 9.7 µg/m³Presidente Prudente, 29 September: 20.5 µg/m³Presidente Prudente, 30 September: 24.6 µg/m³Presidente Prudente, 1 October: 33.3 µg/m³, 3.2× its usual 10.3Presidente Prudente, 2 October: 42.4 µg/m³, 4.0× its usual 10.5Presidente Prudente, 3 October: 22.1 µg/m³Presidente Prudente, 4 October: 14.5 µg/m³Presidente Prudente, 5 October: 11.5 µg/m³Presidente Prudente, 6 October: 9.7 µg/m³Presidente Prudente, 7 October: 10.8 µg/m³São PauloSão Paulo, 27 September: 20.7 µg/m³São Paulo, 28 September: 8.7 µg/m³São Paulo, 29 September: 14.0 µg/m³São Paulo, 30 September: 25.7 µg/m³São Paulo, 1 October: 32.1 µg/m³, 2.3× its usual 13.7São Paulo, 2 October: 42.3 µg/m³, 3.1× its usual 13.6São Paulo, 3 October: 12.0 µg/m³São Paulo, 4 October: 6.2 µg/m³São Paulo, 5 October: 9.3 µg/m³São Paulo, 6 October: 14.5 µg/m³São Paulo, 7 October: 12.2 µg/m³Ferraz de Vasconcel…Ferraz de Vasconcelos, 27 September: 23.0 µg/m³Ferraz de Vasconcelos, 28 September: 6.0 µg/m³Ferraz de Vasconcelos, 29 September: 12.8 µg/m³Ferraz de Vasconcelos, 30 September: 23.3 µg/m³Ferraz de Vasconcelos, 1 October: 31.6 µg/m³, 2.7× its usual 11.9Ferraz de Vasconcelos, 2 October: 33.1 µg/m³, 2.8× its usual 11.8Ferraz de Vasconcelos, 3 October: 11.5 µg/m³Ferraz de Vasconcelos, 4 October: 4.2 µg/m³Ferraz de Vasconcelos, 5 October: 6.3 µg/m³Ferraz de Vasconcelos, 6 October: 12.3 µg/m³Ferraz de Vasconcelos, 7 October: 8.8 µg/m³JundiaíJundiaí, 27 September: 29.6 µg/m³Jundiaí, 28 September: 11.0 µg/m³Jundiaí, 29 September: 17.5 µg/m³Jundiaí, 30 September: 25.0 µg/m³Jundiaí, 1 October: 29.5 µg/m³, 2.3× its usual 13.1Jundiaí, 2 October: 45.8 µg/m³, 3.7× its usual 12.5Jundiaí, 3 October: 14.4 µg/m³Jundiaí, 4 October: 5.9 µg/m³Jundiaí, 5 October: 11.0 µg/m³Jundiaí, 6 October: 11.4 µg/m³Jundiaí, 7 October: 14.9 µg/m³CuritibaCuritiba, 27 September: 16.4 µg/m³Curitiba, 28 September: 6.1 µg/m³Curitiba, 29 September: 7.2 µg/m³Curitiba, 30 September: 17.1 µg/m³Curitiba, 1 October: 28.7 µg/m³, 3.8× its usual 7.6Curitiba, 2 October: 18.8 µg/m³Curitiba, 3 October: 5.2 µg/m³Curitiba, 4 October: 4.8 µg/m³Curitiba, 5 October: 4.3 µg/m³Curitiba, 6 October: 7.5 µg/m³Curitiba, 7 October: 5.0 µg/m³AraucáriaAraucária, 27 September: 17.6 µg/m³Araucária, 28 September: 11.1 µg/m³Araucária, 29 September: 14.5 µg/m³Araucária, 30 September: 20.9 µg/m³Araucária, 1 October: 26.6 µg/m³, 2.4× its usual 11.3Araucária, 2 October: 21.9 µg/m³Araucária, 3 October: 5.0 µg/m³Araucária, 4 October: 13.7 µg/m³Araucária, 5 October: 11.3 µg/m³Araucária, 6 October: 11.8 µg/m³Araucária, 7 October: 10.5 µg/m³São José dos CamposSão José dos Campos, 27 September: 23.8 µg/m³São José dos Campos, 28 September: 5.3 µg/m³São José dos Campos, 29 September: 9.8 µg/m³São José dos Campos, 30 September: 16.0 µg/m³São José dos Campos, 1 October: 25.6 µg/m³, 2.7× its usual 9.5São José dos Campos, 2 October: 27.8 µg/m³, 3.0× its usual 9.4São José dos Campos, 3 October: 11.3 µg/m³São José dos Campos, 4 October: 3.3 µg/m³São José dos Campos, 5 October: 4.2 µg/m³São José dos Campos, 6 October: 8.5 µg/m³São José dos Campos, 7 October: 10.6 µg/m³CongonhasCongonhas, 27 September: 29.6 µg/m³Congonhas, 28 September: 34.6 µg/m³Congonhas, 29 September: 16.3 µg/m³Congonhas, 30 September: 17.6 µg/m³Congonhas, 1 October: 23.1 µg/m³Congonhas, 2 October: 31.6 µg/m³, 2.7× its usual 11.9Congonhas, 3 October: 51.9 µg/m³, 4.3× its usual 12.0Congonhas, 4 October: 31.4 µg/m³, 2.6× its usual 11.9Congonhas, 5 October: 7.6 µg/m³Congonhas, 6 October: 15.3 µg/m³Congonhas, 7 October: 23.0 µg/m³Coronel FabricianoCoronel Fabriciano, 27 September: 25.2 µg/m³Coronel Fabriciano, 28 September: 20.5 µg/m³Coronel Fabriciano, 29 September: 12.9 µg/m³Coronel Fabriciano, 30 September: 11.3 µg/m³Coronel Fabriciano, 1 October: 10.3 µg/m³Coronel Fabriciano, 2 October: 27.8 µg/m³, 2.3× its usual 12.0Coronel Fabriciano, 3 October: 33.2 µg/m³, 2.8× its usual 12.0Coronel Fabriciano, 4 October: 18.7 µg/m³Coronel Fabriciano, 5 October: 11.0 µg/m³Coronel Fabriciano, 6 October: 15.3 µg/m³Coronel Fabriciano, 7 October: 14.3 µg/m³Rio de JaneiroRio de Janeiro, 27 September: 29.3 µg/m³Rio de Janeiro, 28 September: 5.8 µg/m³Rio de Janeiro, 29 September: 7.8 µg/m³Rio de Janeiro, 30 September: 12.1 µg/m³Rio de Janeiro, 1 October: 13.0 µg/m³Rio de Janeiro, 2 October: 27.1 µg/m³, 3.9× its usual 7.0Rio de Janeiro, 3 October: 15.9 µg/m³Rio de Janeiro, 4 October: 2.2 µg/m³Rio de Janeiro, 5 October: 3.5 µg/m³Rio de Janeiro, 6 October: 1.9 µg/m³Rio de Janeiro, 7 October: 5.7 µg/m³IbiritéIbirité, 27 September: 30.9 µg/m³Ibirité, 28 September: 24.6 µg/m³Ibirité, 29 September: 15.1 µg/m³Ibirité, 30 September: 19.6 µg/m³Ibirité, 1 October: 11.1 µg/m³Ibirité, 2 October: 25.6 µg/m³, 2.7× its usual 9.5Ibirité, 3 October: 37.2 µg/m³, 3.9× its usual 9.5Ibirité, 4 October: 43.0 µg/m³, 4.5× its usual 9.5Ibirité, 5 October: 17.6 µg/m³Ibirité, 6 October: 19.7 µg/m³Ibirité, 7 October: 31.5 µg/m³ItabiraItabira, 27 September: 29.6 µg/m³Itabira, 28 September: 40.5 µg/m³Itabira, 29 September: 16.1 µg/m³Itabira, 30 September: 11.2 µg/m³Itabira, 1 October: 12.8 µg/m³Itabira, 2 October: 18.0 µg/m³Itabira, 3 October: 42.1 µg/m³, 3.5× its usual 11.9Itabira, 4 October: 35.5 µg/m³, 3.0× its usual 11.9Itabira, 5 October: 12.5 µg/m³Itabira, 6 October: 21.6 µg/m³Itabira, 7 October: 27.1 µg/m³Belo HorizonteBelo Horizonte, 27 September: 36.0 µg/m³Belo Horizonte, 28 September: 35.9 µg/m³Belo Horizonte, 29 September: 21.3 µg/m³Belo Horizonte, 30 September: 16.8 µg/m³Belo Horizonte, 1 October: 12.4 µg/m³Belo Horizonte, 2 October: 19.6 µg/m³Belo Horizonte, 3 October: 41.3 µg/m³, 3.5× its usual 11.8Belo Horizonte, 4 October: 43.2 µg/m³, 3.7× its usual 11.8Belo Horizonte, 5 October: 15.3 µg/m³Belo Horizonte, 6 October: 18.5 µg/m³Belo Horizonte, 7 October: 27.8 µg/m³Nova UniãoNova União, 27 September: 38.7 µg/m³Nova União, 28 September: 40.8 µg/m³Nova União, 29 September: 16.2 µg/m³Nova União, 30 September: 8.0 µg/m³Nova União, 1 October: 13.7 µg/m³Nova União, 2 October: 17.8 µg/m³Nova União, 3 October: 37.1 µg/m³, 2.5× its usual 15.1Nova União, 4 October: 27.6 µg/m³Nova União, 5 October: 17.2 µg/m³Nova União, 6 October: 15.4 µg/m³Nova União, 7 October: 21.7 µg/m³Conceição do Mato D…Conceição do Mato Dentro, 27 September: 23.8 µg/m³Conceição do Mato Dentro, 28 September: 23.2 µg/m³Conceição do Mato Dentro, 29 September: 10.0 µg/m³Conceição do Mato Dentro, 30 September: 9.3 µg/m³Conceição do Mato Dentro, 1 October: 10.4 µg/m³Conceição do Mato Dentro, 2 October: 14.8 µg/m³Conceição do Mato Dentro, 3 October: 29.8 µg/m³, 2.8× its usual 10.8Conceição do Mato Dentro, 4 October: 28.5 µg/m³, 2.6× its usual 10.8Conceição do Mato Dentro, 5 October: 22.6 µg/m³Conceição do Mato Dentro, 6 October: 17.1 µg/m³Conceição do Mato Dentro, 7 October: 18.8 µg/m³BetimBetim, 27 September: 25.9 µg/m³Betim, 28 September: 35.3 µg/m³Betim, 29 September: 15.0 µg/m³Betim, 30 September: 7.6 µg/m³Betim, 1 October: 8.4 µg/m³Betim, 2 October: 17.4 µg/m³Betim, 3 October: 28.8 µg/m³, 2.9× its usual 10.1Betim, 4 October: 37.4 µg/m³, 3.8× its usual 9.8Betim, 5 October: 10.8 µg/m³Betim, 6 October: 13.9 µg/m³Betim, 7 October: 28.5 µg/m³27 Sep291 Oct357
Every counted city, in the order the episode reached them, 3 days before to 3 after. Each square is a day, coloured by that day's PM2.5; outlined: at twice the city's usual or more.
Good0–50
Moderate51–100
Sensitive groups101–150
Unhealthy151–200
Very unhealthy201–300
Hazardous301+

Every city it reached

CityDaysHighestUsualAbove usual
IbiritéMinas Gerais, Brazil3 43.04 October9.54.5×
BauruSão Paulo, Brazil2 54.22 October12.34.4×
CongonhasMinas Gerais, Brazil3 51.93 October12.04.3×
Presidente PrudenteSão Paulo, Brazil2 42.42 October10.54.0×
Rio de JaneiroRio de Janeiro, Brazil1 27.12 October7.03.9×
BetimMinas Gerais, Brazil2 37.44 October9.83.8×
CuritibaParaná, Brazil1 28.71 October7.63.8×
JundiaíSão Paulo, Brazil2 45.82 October12.53.7×
Belo HorizonteMinas Gerais, Brazil2 43.24 October11.83.7×
ItaquaquecetubaSão Paulo, Brazil2 38.02 October10.53.6×
Ribeirão PretoSão Paulo, Brazil2 54.42 October15.63.5×
ItabiraMinas Gerais, Brazil2 42.13 October11.93.5×
Santo AndréSão Paulo, Brazil2 41.52 October12.23.4×
PiracicabaSão Paulo, Brazil2 42.52 October12.83.3×
São PauloSão Paulo, Brazil2 42.32 October13.63.1×
São José dos CamposSão Paulo, Brazil2 27.82 October9.43.0×
LimeiraSão Paulo, Brazil2 41.32 October14.42.9×
PaulíniaSão Paulo, Brazil3 40.41 October13.72.9×
CampinasSão Paulo, Brazil3 34.52 October12.02.9×
Rio ClaroSão Paulo, Brazil3 47.12 October16.62.8×
Coronel FabricianoMinas Gerais, Brazil2 33.23 October12.02.8×
Ferraz de VasconcelosSão Paulo, Brazil2 33.12 October11.82.8×
Conceição do Mato DentroMinas Gerais, Brazil2 29.83 October10.82.8×
São José do Rio PretoSão Paulo, Brazil2 41.830 September17.02.5×
Nova UniãoMinas Gerais, Brazil1 37.13 October15.12.5×
AraucáriaParaná, Brazil1 26.61 October11.32.4×

Daily means in µg/m³, over the days each city counted in this episode. Highest: its highest of those days. Usual: the city's median for the time of year of that day (its days within 21 days of the date, every year, leaving out the week around it). Above usual: its highest day against that, with a usual under 5 µg/m³ taken as 5.

Against other episodes in Brazil

Number 5 of 20 episodes in Brazil since our records began, by cities reached.

Bars: cities reached; colour: the level of the episode's highest daily reading. All 20.

Use this page

SmogRank, Southern Brazil, 30 September to 4 October 2024: 26 cities with PM2.5 at twice their usual or more, 30 September to 4 October 2024, smogrank.com/episodes/2024-09-30-southern-brazil (accessed 12 October 2026).

Download top 10 (PNG)

You're welcome to reuse a single chart, image or figure with this citation and a link. Terms.

An episode is a run of days when many cities close to each other (four or more within 350 km on a day, 8 or more in all) each had a daily PM2.5 mean of at least 25 µg/m³ and at least 2 times their usual for that time of year. Found in our own measurements, not picked by hand. How we find episodes. Values are each city's daily mean of its own monitors; causes are the usual kinds for a pattern like this, not a confirmed source. Fire detections from NASA FIRMS; smoke maps from NOAA HMS. Dust: contains modified Copernicus Atmosphere Monitoring Service information 2024. Neither the European Commission nor ECMWF is responsible for any use that may be made of the Copernicus information or data it contains.