SmogRank / Episodes / South Korea
South Korea, February 2025
For 2 days, from 11 to 12 February 2025, 19 cities in South Korea had PM2.5 at least twice their usual for the time of year. The worst reading was Munsan, Gyeonggi-do, South Korea: 43.6 µg/m³ on 12 February, about 2.4× its usual 17.8.
No cause named We have no fire or smoke records for these days, so we only say what the measurements show.
Cities reached 19 in 1 country
Days 2 11 to 12 February 2025
Worst day 11 February 16 cities counted
Furthest above usual 2.4× Icheon-si
Day by day
Play 11 February 16 cities at twice their usual or more
Okcheon Yeongdong Cheongju-si Daejeon Kinzan Jungpyong Koesan Sangju Chinch'ŏn Gimcheon Mungyeong Gongju Chungju Nonsan Yŏnmu Cheonan Jinan-gun Gumi Anseong Seonghwan Asan Changsu Wanju Yecheon Namsa Jeonju Waegwan Iksan Yeoju Yesan Pubal Kunwi Imsil Osan Wŏnju Kimje Yeongju Andong Hongseong Nangen Gunsan Gwangju Yangp'yŏng Neietsu Boryeong Suwon Jeongeup Seongnam-si Tangjin Buan Gyeongsan-si Hanam Kurye Anyang-si Ansan-si Wabu Chinju Hongch’ŏn Hwado Guri-si Damyang Namyangju Gwangmyeong Hadong Seoul Taesal-li Cheongsong gun Koch'ang Miryang Bucheon-si Gapyeong Naesŏ Incheon Jangseong Chuncheon Gwangyang Suncheon Gwangju T’aebaek Hwasun Changwon Masan Goseong Beolgyo Gyeongju Yeonggwang Yeosu Kimhae Yeonil Hwacheon Yanggu Pohang Yangsan Tongyeong Boseong Gangneung Ungsang Sinhyeon Santyoku Donghae City Ulsan Cheorwon Jumunjin Muan Busan Geoje Yeongam Jangheung Gijang Sokcho Mokpo Kosong Haenam Sinan Tsushima Nagato Mine Hagi Onoda Yamaguchi Masuda Hōfu Hamada Gōtsuchō Shūnan Kudamatsu Ōdachō-ōda Ōtake Yanai Iwakuni Yae Hiroshima Gion Kure Higashihiroshima Changnyeong Ganghwa-gun Hwawŏn Icheon-si Daegu Uijeongbu-si Goyang-si Sejong Hwaseong-si Gimpo-si Kwangyang Seosan Pyeongtaek Yangju Naju Hayang Munsan Buyeo Eisen 8 Feb 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 Every measured city in the area, coloured by its PM2.5 that day; a dark ring marks a city at twice its usual or more. Bars: cities counted each day, coloured by their median level. Choose a day or press play; without JavaScript, the days link to that day's world ranking.
How it spread
Munsan Munsan, 8 February: 12.3 µg/m³, 0.7× usual Munsan, 9 February: 18.6 µg/m³, 1.0× usual Munsan, 10 February: 20.3 µg/m³, 1.1× usual Munsan, 11 February: 39.1 µg/m³, 2.2× usual Munsan, 12 February: 43.6 µg/m³, 2.4× usual Munsan, 13 February: 12.2 µg/m³, 0.7× usual Munsan, 14 February: 36.0 µg/m³, 2.0× usual Munsan, 15 February: 51.7 µg/m³, 2.9× usual Gimpo-si Gimpo-si, 8 February: 9.2 µg/m³, 0.5× usual Gimpo-si, 9 February: 12.6 µg/m³, 0.7× usual Gimpo-si, 10 February: 18.2 µg/m³, 1.1× usual Gimpo-si, 11 February: 36.4 µg/m³, 2.1× usual Gimpo-si, 12 February: 35.4 µg/m³, 2.1× usual Gimpo-si, 13 February: 10.6 µg/m³, 0.6× usual Gimpo-si, 14 February: 31.0 µg/m³, 1.8× usual Gimpo-si, 15 February: 41.1 µg/m³, 2.4× usual Sejong Sejong, 8 February: 9.8 µg/m³, 0.6× usual Sejong, 9 February: 16.0 µg/m³, 1.0× usual Sejong, 10 February: 17.8 µg/m³, 1.1× usual Sejong, 11 February: 35.1 µg/m³, 2.1× usual Sejong, 12 February: 34.4 µg/m³, 2.1× usual Sejong, 13 February: 8.1 µg/m³, 0.5× usual Sejong, 14 February: 24.9 µg/m³, 1.5× usual Sejong, 15 February: 39.6 µg/m³, 2.4× usual Pyeongtaek Pyeongtaek, 8 February: 10.8 µg/m³, 0.7× usual Pyeongtaek, 9 February: 19.0 µg/m³, 1.2× usual Pyeongtaek, 10 February: 20.2 µg/m³, 1.3× usual Pyeongtaek, 11 February: 34.7 µg/m³, 2.2× usual Pyeongtaek, 12 February: 28.3 µg/m³, 1.8× usual Pyeongtaek, 13 February: 7.5 µg/m³, 0.5× usual Pyeongtaek, 14 February: 29.2 µg/m³, 1.9× usual Pyeongtaek, 15 February: 46.3 µg/m³, 3.0× usual Buyeo Buyeo, 8 February: 9.5 µg/m³, 0.7× usual Buyeo, 9 February: 13.6 µg/m³, 1.0× usual Buyeo, 10 February: 19.7 µg/m³, 1.5× usual Buyeo, 11 February: 33.0 µg/m³, 2.4× usual Buyeo, 12 February: 23.0 µg/m³, 1.7× usual Buyeo, 13 February: 10.6 µg/m³, 0.8× usual Buyeo, 14 February: 26.4 µg/m³, 2.0× usual Buyeo, 15 February: 39.0 µg/m³, 2.9× usual Yangju Yangju, 8 February: 10.6 µg/m³, 0.7× usual Yangju, 9 February: 14.1 µg/m³, 1.0× usual Yangju, 10 February: 17.2 µg/m³, 1.2× usual Yangju, 11 February: 31.9 µg/m³, 2.2× usual Yangju, 12 February: 29.7 µg/m³, 2.0× usual Yangju, 13 February: 7.3 µg/m³, 0.5× usual Yangju, 14 February: 32.5 µg/m³, 2.2× usual Yangju, 15 February: 41.6 µg/m³, 2.8× usual Icheon-si Icheon-si, 8 February: 8.6 µg/m³, 0.6× usual Icheon-si, 9 February: 17.2 µg/m³, 1.1× usual Icheon-si, 10 February: 19.8 µg/m³, 1.3× usual Icheon-si, 11 February: 31.8 µg/m³, 2.0× usual Icheon-si, 12 February: 29.8 µg/m³, 1.9× usual Icheon-si, 13 February: 7.2 µg/m³, 0.5× usual Icheon-si, 14 February: 30.6 µg/m³, 2.0× usual Icheon-si, 15 February: 58.7 µg/m³, 3.8× usual Uijeongbu-si Uijeongbu-si, 8 February: 10.0 µg/m³, 0.6× usual Uijeongbu-si, 9 February: 13.8 µg/m³, 0.9× usual Uijeongbu-si, 10 February: 14.9 µg/m³, 1.0× usual Uijeongbu-si, 11 February: 31.2 µg/m³, 2.0× usual Uijeongbu-si, 12 February: 27.9 µg/m³, 1.8× usual Uijeongbu-si, 13 February: 8.2 µg/m³, 0.5× usual Uijeongbu-si, 14 February: 32.6 µg/m³, 2.1× usual Uijeongbu-si, 15 February: 42.6 µg/m³, 2.7× usual Hwaseong-si Hwaseong-si, 8 February: 5.3 µg/m³, 0.4× usual Hwaseong-si, 9 February: 9.6 µg/m³, 0.7× usual Hwaseong-si, 10 February: 14.2 µg/m³, 1.0× usual Hwaseong-si, 11 February: 29.9 µg/m³, 2.1× usual Hwaseong-si, 12 February: 24.4 µg/m³, 1.7× usual Hwaseong-si, 13 February: 7.4 µg/m³, 0.5× usual Hwaseong-si, 14 February: 29.9 µg/m³, 2.1× usual Hwaseong-si, 15 February: 43.4 µg/m³, 3.0× usual Hayang Hayang, 8 February: 8.8 µg/m³, 0.6× usual Hayang, 9 February: 11.1 µg/m³, 0.8× usual Hayang, 10 February: 14.9 µg/m³, 1.0× usual Hayang, 11 February: 29.5 µg/m³, 2.0× usual Hayang, 12 February: 35.4 µg/m³, 2.4× usual Hayang, 13 February: 6.8 µg/m³, 0.5× usual Hayang, 14 February: 20.0 µg/m³, 1.4× usual Hayang, 15 February: 35.8 µg/m³, 2.4× usual Seosan Seosan, 8 February: 7.4 µg/m³, 0.5× usual Seosan, 9 February: 10.4 µg/m³, 0.7× usual Seosan, 10 February: 15.0 µg/m³, 1.1× usual Seosan, 11 February: 29.5 µg/m³, 2.1× usual Seosan, 12 February: 19.5 µg/m³, 1.4× usual Seosan, 13 February: 9.9 µg/m³, 0.7× usual Seosan, 14 February: 27.0 µg/m³, 1.9× usual Seosan, 15 February: 30.8 µg/m³, 2.2× usual Daegu Daegu, 8 February: 9.2 µg/m³, 0.7× usual Daegu, 9 February: 10.3 µg/m³, 0.7× usual Daegu, 10 February: 16.6 µg/m³, 1.2× usual Daegu, 11 February: 28.4 µg/m³, 2.0× usual Daegu, 12 February: 25.3 µg/m³, 1.8× usual Daegu, 13 February: 8.5 µg/m³, 0.6× usual Daegu, 14 February: 23.0 µg/m³, 1.6× usual Daegu, 15 February: 37.3 µg/m³, 2.7× usual Naju Naju, 8 February: 12.2 µg/m³, 1.0× usual Naju, 9 February: 10.7 µg/m³, 0.9× usual Naju, 10 February: 20.3 µg/m³, 1.6× usual Naju, 11 February: 28.2 µg/m³, 2.3× usual Naju, 12 February: 15.6 µg/m³, 1.2× usual Naju, 13 February: 10.0 µg/m³, 0.8× usual Naju, 14 February: 16.7 µg/m³, 1.3× usual Naju, 15 February: 31.5 µg/m³, 2.5× usual Eisen Eisen, 8 February: 5.0 µg/m³, 0.4× usual Eisen, 9 February: 6.4 µg/m³, 0.6× usual Eisen, 10 February: 11.9 µg/m³, 1.0× usual Eisen, 11 February: 27.6 µg/m³, 2.4× usual Eisen, 12 February: 25.8 µg/m³, 2.2× usual Eisen, 13 February: 4.5 µg/m³, 0.4× usual Eisen, 14 February: 15.7 µg/m³, 1.4× usual Eisen, 15 February: 31.9 µg/m³, 2.8× usual Kwangyang Kwangyang, 8 February: 8.0 µg/m³, 0.7× usual Kwangyang, 9 February: 7.9 µg/m³, 0.7× usual Kwangyang, 10 February: 12.9 µg/m³, 1.1× usual Kwangyang, 11 February: 25.0 µg/m³, 2.1× usual Kwangyang, 12 February: 16.8 µg/m³, 1.4× usual Kwangyang, 13 February: 6.9 µg/m³, 0.6× usual Kwangyang, 14 February: 16.4 µg/m³, 1.4× usual Kwangyang, 15 February: 31.6 µg/m³, 2.7× usual Hwawŏn Hwawŏn, 8 February: 7.8 µg/m³, 0.6× usual Hwawŏn, 9 February: 9.5 µg/m³, 0.8× usual Hwawŏn, 10 February: 13.7 µg/m³, 1.1× usual Hwawŏn, 11 February: 25.0 µg/m³, 2.0× usual Hwawŏn, 12 February: 23.9 µg/m³, 1.9× usual Hwawŏn, 13 February: 7.3 µg/m³, 0.6× usual Hwawŏn, 14 February: 19.9 µg/m³, 1.6× usual Hwawŏn, 15 February: 34.9 µg/m³, 2.8× usual Ganghwa-gun Ganghwa-gun, 8 February: 9.9 µg/m³, 0.5× usual Ganghwa-gun, 9 February: 15.4 µg/m³, 0.8× usual Ganghwa-gun, 10 February: 20.6 µg/m³, 1.1× usual Ganghwa-gun, 11 February: 37.7 µg/m³, 2.0× usual Ganghwa-gun, 12 February: 38.1 µg/m³, 2.0× usual Ganghwa-gun, 13 February: 11.1 µg/m³, 0.6× usual Ganghwa-gun, 14 February: 30.6 µg/m³, 1.6× usual Ganghwa-gun, 15 February: 35.6 µg/m³, 1.9× usual Goyang-si Goyang-si, 8 February: 7.6 µg/m³, 0.5× usual Goyang-si, 9 February: 12.1 µg/m³, 0.8× usual Goyang-si, 10 February: 16.3 µg/m³, 1.0× usual Goyang-si, 11 February: 31.5 µg/m³, 2.0× usual Goyang-si, 12 February: 33.1 µg/m³, 2.1× usual Goyang-si, 13 February: 7.4 µg/m³, 0.5× usual Goyang-si, 14 February: 31.6 µg/m³, 2.0× usual Goyang-si, 15 February: 40.9 µg/m³, 2.6× usual Changnyeong Changnyeong, 8 February: 7.0 µg/m³, 0.5× usual Changnyeong, 9 February: 9.5 µg/m³, 0.7× usual Changnyeong, 10 February: 12.9 µg/m³, 1.0× usual Changnyeong, 11 February: 23.0 µg/m³, 1.7× usual Changnyeong, 12 February: 27.2 µg/m³, 2.0× usual Changnyeong, 13 February: 6.4 µg/m³, 0.5× usual Changnyeong, 14 February: 18.7 µg/m³, 1.4× usual Changnyeong, 15 February: 30.3 µg/m³, 2.3× usual 8 Feb 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 Every counted city, in the order the episode reached them, 3 days before to 3 after. Each square is a day, coloured by that day's PM2.5; outlined: at twice the city's usual or more. Good 0–50
Moderate 51–100
Sensitive groups 101–150
Unhealthy 151–200
Very unhealthy 201–300
Hazardous 301+
Every city it reached
City Days Highest Usual Above usual
Icheon-si Gyeonggi-do, South Korea 1 15 February 15.6 3.8× Hwaseong-si Gyeonggi-do, South Korea 1 15 February 14.4 3.0× Pyeongtaek Gyeonggi-do, South Korea 1 15 February 15.5 3.0× Munsan Gyeonggi-do, South Korea 2 15 February 17.8 2.9× Buyeo Chungcheongnam-do, South Korea 1 15 February 13.5 2.9× Hwawŏn Daegu, South Korea 1 15 February 12.3 2.8× Yangju Gyeonggi-do, South Korea 2 15 February 14.7 2.8× Eisen Gyeongsangbuk-do, South Korea 2 15 February 11.6 2.8× Uijeongbu-si Gyeonggi-do, South Korea 1 15 February 15.5 2.7× Daegu Daegu, South Korea 1 15 February 14.0 2.7× Kwangyang Jeollanam-do, South Korea 1 15 February 11.9 2.7× Goyang-si Gyeonggi-do, South Korea 1 15 February 15.9 2.6× Naju Jeollanam-do, South Korea 1 15 February 12.5 2.5× Hayang Gyeongsangbuk-do, South Korea 2 15 February 14.7 2.4× Gimpo-si Gyeonggi-do, South Korea 2 15 February 17.2 2.4× Sejong Sejong-si, South Korea 2 15 February 16.7 2.4× Changnyeong Gyeongsangnam-do, South Korea 1 15 February 13.3 2.3× Seosan Chungcheongnam-do, South Korea 1 15 February 13.9 2.2× Ganghwa-gun Incheon, South Korea 1 12 February 19.0 2.0×
Daily means in µg/m³. Usual: the city's median for this time of year (its days within 21 days of the date, every year, leaving out the week around it). Above usual: its highest day against that.
Against other episodes in South Korea
Number 35 of 43 episodes in South Korea since our records began, by cities reached.
Japan and South Korea, March 2025 454 Japan and South Korea, March 2026 305 Japan and South Korea, January 2025 274 Japan and South Korea, February and March 2025 192 South Korea and Japan, January 2026 169 South Korea and Japan, February 2026 147 South Korea, February 2025 132 South Korea, November 2025 128 South Korea, February 2026 121 South Korea, December 2025 113 South Korea, January 2025 113 South Korea, December 2025 107 South Korea, February 2025 19 Bars: cities reached; colour: the level of the episode's highest daily reading. All 43 .
Use this page SmogRank, South Korea, February 2025: 19 cities with PM2.5 at twice their usual or more, 11 to 12 February 2025, smogrank.com/episodes/2025-02-south-korea (accessed 2 October 2026).
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You're welcome to reuse a single chart, image or figure with this citation and a link. Terms .
An episode is a run of days when many cities close to each other (four or more within 350 km on a day, 8 or more in all) each had a daily PM2.5 mean of at least 25 µg/m³ and at least 2 times their usual for that time of year. Found in our own measurements, not picked by hand. How we find episodes . Values are each city's daily mean of its own monitors; causes are the usual kinds for a pattern like this, not a confirmed source.
