For 1 day, on 14 October 2025, 9 cities in Italy and Switzerland had PM2.5 at least twice their usual for the time of year. The worst reading was Nichelino, Piedmont, Italy: 46.1 µg/m³ on 14 October, about 3.7× its usual 12.5. Readings stopped after 14 October, so this episode may have run longer.
No cause namedWe have no fire or smoke records for these days, so we only say what the measurements show.
Cities reached9in 2 countries
Days114 October 2025
Worst day14 October9 cities counted
Furthest above usual4.0×Giubiasco
Day by day
Every measured city in the area, coloured by its PM2.5 that day; a dark ring marks a city at twice its usual or more. Bars: cities counted each day, coloured by their median level. Choose a day or press play; without JavaScript, the days link to that day's world ranking.
How it spread
Every counted city, in the order the episode reached them, 3 days before to 3 after. Each square is a day, coloured by that day's PM2.5; outlined: at twice the city's usual or more.
Daily means in µg/m³, over the days each city counted in this episode. Highest: its highest of those days. Usual: the city's median for the time of year of that day (its days within 21 days of the date, every year, leaving out the week around it). Above usual: its highest day against that, with a usual under 5 µg/m³ taken as 5.
Against other episodes in Italy and Switzerland
Number 7 of 9 episodes in Italy and Switzerland since our records began, by cities reached.
Bars: cities reached; colour: the level of the episode's highest daily reading.
Use this page
SmogRank, Italy and Switzerland, October 2025: 9 cities with PM2.5 at twice their usual or more, 14 October 2025, smogrank.com/episodes/2025-10-italy-and-switzerland (accessed 5 October 2026).
You're welcome to reuse a single chart, image or figure with this citation and a link. Terms.
An episode is a run of days when many cities close to each other (four or more within 350 km on a day, 8 or more in all) each had a daily PM2.5 mean of at least 25 µg/m³ and at least 2 times their usual for that time of year. Found in our own measurements, not picked by hand. How we find episodes. Values are each city's daily mean of its own monitors; causes are the usual kinds for a pattern like this, not a confirmed source.
