Central Europe, February 2023
For 20 days, from 6 to 25 February 2023, 604 cities in Germany, France, Poland and 24 more countries had PM2.5 at least twice their usual for the time of year. The worst reading was Banja Luka, Srpska, Bosnia and Herzegovina: 136.7 µg/m³ on 12 February, about 2.3× its usual 59.9.
Day by day
How it spread
Every city it reached
| City | Days | Highest | Above usual |
|---|---|---|---|
| Joué-lès-ToursCentre-Val de Loire, France | 6 | 78.610 February | 8.0× |
| TroyesGrand Est, France | 6 | 50.29 February | 8.0× |
| OlivetCentre-Val de Loire, France | 7 | 59.714 February | 7.9× |
| Lons-le-SaunierBourgogne-Franche-Comté, France | 4 | 47.312 February | 7.6× |
| OrléansCentre-Val de Loire, France | 7 | 72.710 February | 7.3× |
| MontargisCentre-Val de Loire, France | 4 | 50.510 February | 7.0× |
| FontainebleauÎle-de-France, France | 4 | 37.210 February | 6.8× |
| ToursCentre-Val de Loire, France | 6 | 57.310 February | 6.7× |
| Canvey IslandEngland, United Kingdom | 2 | 47.915 February | 6.7× |
| Bourg-en-BresseAuvergne-Rhône-Alpes, France | 8 | 56.711 February | 6.4× |
| MoulinsAuvergne-Rhône-Alpes, France | 7 | 58.58 February | 6.4× |
| MeyzieuAuvergne-Rhône-Alpes, France | 8 | 65.713 February | 6.4× |
| CanterburyEngland, United Kingdom | 2 | 38.815 February | 6.4× |
| ReadingEngland, United Kingdom | 2 | 38.715 February | 6.3× |
| AngersPays de la Loire, France | 7 | 49.39 February | 6.3× |
| DreuxCentre-Val de Loire, France | 5 | 46.214 February | 6.2× |
| ChartresCentre-Val de Loire, France | 7 | 51.314 February | 6.1× |
| BordeauxNew Aquitaine, France | 6 | 55.512 February | 6.1× |
| AvellinoCampania, Italy | 7 | 55.423 February | 6.1× |
| Chalon-sur-SaôneBourgogne-Franche-Comté, France | 10 | 56.914 February | 6.1× |
| NewmarketEngland, United Kingdom | 2 | 35.015 February | 6.0× |
| Saint-DizierGrand Est, France | 4 | 46.810 February | 6.0× |
| La Roche-sur-YonPays de la Loire, France | 4 | 50.99 February | 6.0× |
| RoeselareFlanders, Belgium | 9 | 61.515 February | 6.0× |
| ParisÎle-de-France, France | 8 | 56.515 February | 5.9× |
| EvergemFlanders, Belgium | 9 | 63.315 February | 5.9× |
| NiortNew Aquitaine, France | 5 | 42.410 February | 5.9× |
| Montceau-les-MinesBourgogne-Franche-Comté, France | 8 | 42.514 February | 5.7× |
| RambouilletÎle-de-France, France | 6 | 45.914 February | 5.7× |
| ÉtampesÎle-de-France, France | 6 | 36.710 February | 5.7× |
| ChâteaurouxCentre-Val de Loire, France | 8 | 53.010 February | 5.7× |
| BloisCentre-Val de Loire, France | 6 | 48.314 February | 5.7× |
| RoubaixHauts-de-France, France | 10 | 54.215 February | 5.6× |
| SarcellesÎle-de-France, France | 7 | 46.710 February | 5.6× |
| CoburgBavaria, Germany | 4 | 46.311 February | 5.6× |
| ValenceAuvergne-Rhône-Alpes, France | 8 | 58.412 February | 5.6× |
| HayesEngland, United Kingdom | 2 | 38.315 February | 5.6× |
| SeafordEngland, United Kingdom | 2 | 31.015 February | 5.5× |
| BendorfRheinland-Pfalz, Germany | 1 | 27.510 February | 5.5× |
| PortsmouthEngland, United Kingdom | 2 | 36.815 February | 5.5× |
| TournaiWallonia, Belgium | 8 | 45.015 February | 5.5× |
| NamurWallonia, Belgium | 2 | 31.812 February | 5.5× |
| NîmesOccitanie, France | 5 | 50.413 February | 5.5× |
| MontluçonAuvergne-Rhône-Alpes, France | 3 | 36.712 February | 5.5× |
| SouthamptonEngland, United Kingdom | 2 | 37.215 February | 5.5× |
| MonsWallonia, Belgium | 9 | 48.115 February | 5.5× |
| NantesPays de la Loire, France | 8 | 46.89 February | 5.4× |
| RouenNormandy, France | 8 | 53.215 February | 5.4× |
| RužomberokŽilina Region, Slovakia | 10 | 117.310 February | 5.4× |
| MalmöSkåne, Sweden | 1 | 40.416 February | 5.4× |
| DomontÎle-de-France, France | 2 | 34.910 February | 5.4× |
| ForbachGrand Est, France | 6 | 39.710 February | 5.4× |
| Clermont-FerrandAuvergne-Rhône-Alpes, France | 5 | 39.112 February | 5.4× |
| ArlesProvence-Alpes-Côte d'Azur, France | 5 | 56.112 February | 5.3× |
| KrosnoSubcarpathia, Poland | 8 | 79.59 February | 5.3× |
| Nocera InferioreCampania, Italy | 7 | 45.312 February | 5.3× |
| ÉvreuxNormandy, France | 5 | 43.114 February | 5.3× |
| BeauvaisHauts-de-France, France | 8 | 50.015 February | 5.3× |
| Saint-BrieucBrittany, France | 1 | 30.78 February | 5.3× |
| BolzanoTrentino-Alto Adige, Italy | 7 | 56.623 February | 5.3× |
| Villefranche-sur-SaôneAuvergne-Rhône-Alpes, France | 9 | 54.513 February | 5.2× |
| AlençonNormandy, France | 6 | 39.615 February | 5.2× |
| Flémalle-HauteWallonia, Belgium | 6 | 32.312 February | 5.2× |
| AndenneWallonia, Belgium | 3 | 32.310 February | 5.2× |
| AndoverEngland, United Kingdom | 2 | 26.014 February | 5.2× |
| GentFlanders, Belgium | 7 | 53.015 February | 5.2× |
| DagenhamEngland, United Kingdom | 2 | 30.914 February | 5.1× |
| MaldegemFlanders, Belgium | 7 | 51.315 February | 5.1× |
| Clacton-on-SeaEngland, United Kingdom | 2 | 36.715 February | 5.1× |
| RennesBrittany, France | 6 | 40.79 February | 5.1× |
| HaguenauGrand Est, France | 3 | 41.510 February | 5.1× |
| MenenFlanders, Belgium | 9 | 53.615 February | 5.1× |
| FlensburgSchleswig-Holstein, Germany | 3 | 45.516 February | 5.1× |
| Saint-ÉtienneAuvergne-Rhône-Alpes, France | 4 | 41.912 February | 5.0× |
| DouaiHauts-de-France, France | 10 | 50.415 February | 5.0× |
| ÉpernayGrand Est, France | 6 | 39.315 February | 5.0× |
| KortrijkFlanders, Belgium | 9 | 49.315 February | 5.0× |
| Salon-de-ProvenceProvence-Alpes-Côte d'Azur, France | 6 | 43.212 February | 5.0× |
| LormontNew Aquitaine, France | 5 | 43.112 February | 5.0× |
| BourgesCentre-Val de Loire, France | 8 | 45.014 February | 5.0× |
| LyonAuvergne-Rhône-Alpes, France | 9 | 58.013 February | 5.0× |
| KoksijdeFlanders, Belgium | 6 | 41.815 February | 5.0× |
| UstkaPomerania, Poland | 2 | 39.716 February | 5.0× |
| AvignonProvence-Alpes-Côte d'Azur, France | 9 | 56.013 February | 5.0× |
| PoitiersNew Aquitaine, France | 5 | 41.19 February | 5.0× |
| AngoulêmeNew Aquitaine, France | 4 | 35.612 February | 4.9× |
| CreilHauts-de-France, France | 7 | 41.510 February | 4.9× |
| BéthuneHauts-de-France, France | 5 | 47.415 February | 4.9× |
| CaenNormandy, France | 4 | 31.59 February | 4.9× |
| Saint-NazairePays de la Loire, France | 6 | 39.59 February | 4.9× |
| DijonBourgogne-Franche-Comté, France | 6 | 35.414 February | 4.8× |
| KoperUrban Municipality of Koper, Slovenia | 9 | 58.418 February | 4.8× |
| LourdesOccitanie, France | 3 | 39.021 February | 4.8× |
| Fos-sur-MerProvence-Alpes-Côte d'Azur, France | 4 | 49.512 February | 4.8× |
| CharleroiWallonia, Belgium | 5 | 37.315 February | 4.8× |
| Stoke-on-TrentEngland, United Kingdom | 2 | 33.415 February | 4.8× |
| AnconaThe Marches, Italy | 10 | 65.316 February | 4.8× |
| ValenciennesHauts-de-France, France | 7 | 46.715 February | 4.8× |
| BexleyEngland, United Kingdom | 2 | 38.015 February | 4.8× |
| The HagueSouth Holland, The Netherlands | 4 | 45.515 February | 4.7× |
| Le HavreNormandy, France | 6 | 39.314 February | 4.7× |
| ChesterfieldEngland, United Kingdom | 2 | 33.115 February | 4.7× |
| MartinŽilina Region, Slovakia | 7 | 90.310 February | 4.7× |
| IzegemFlanders, Belgium | 10 | 57.215 February | 4.7× |
| ZaventemFlanders, Belgium | 4 | 42.910 February | 4.7× |
| Saint-QuentinHauts-de-France, France | 6 | 40.015 February | 4.7× |
| RadomskoŁódź Voivodeship, Poland | 2 | 106.86 February | 4.7× |
| Royal Leamington SpaEngland, United Kingdom | 1 | 29.615 February | 4.7× |
| BesançonBourgogne-Franche-Comté, France | 6 | 38.511 February | 4.7× |
| CoulommiersÎle-de-France, France | 6 | 47.410 February | 4.7× |
| SheffieldEngland, United Kingdom | 2 | 33.315 February | 4.7× |
| MostarFederation of B&H, Bosnia and Herzegovina | 3 | 69.419 February | 4.7× |
| BeverenFlanders, Belgium | 8 | 49.615 February | 4.7× |
| HernaniBasque Country, Spain | 1 | 36.018 February | 4.7× |
| LensHauts-de-France, France | 2 | 32.216 February | 4.7× |
| NorwichEngland, United Kingdom | 2 | 36.315 February | 4.7× |
| LisieuxNormandy, France | 5 | 37.214 February | 4.7× |
| WillebroekFlanders, Belgium | 7 | 46.015 February | 4.6× |
| NewportWales, United Kingdom | 2 | 30.214 February | 4.6× |
| Kingston upon HullEngland, United Kingdom | 2 | 36.715 February | 4.6× |
| VerdunGrand Est, France | 7 | 39.910 February | 4.6× |
| VesoulBourgogne-Franche-Comté, France | 4 | 38.010 February | 4.6× |
| LeedsEngland, United Kingdom | 2 | 44.015 February | 4.6× |
| Le MansPays de la Loire, France | 5 | 41.69 February | 4.6× |
| DieppeNormandy, France | 4 | 37.915 February | 4.6× |
| OxfordEngland, United Kingdom | 1 | 26.315 February | 4.6× |
| LochristiFlanders, Belgium | 7 | 48.915 February | 4.6× |
| Liptovský Mikulᚎilina Region, Slovakia | 8 | 71.917 February | 4.6× |
| LunelOccitanie, France | 4 | 39.112 February | 4.6× |
| MarignaneProvence-Alpes-Côte d'Azur, France | 5 | 50.313 February | 4.6× |
| NottinghamEngland, United Kingdom | 2 | 42.015 February | 4.6× |
| BarnstapleEngland, United Kingdom | 1 | 25.515 February | 4.6× |
| Marche-en-FamenneWallonia, Belgium | 1 | 26.410 February | 4.6× |
| DunkirkHauts-de-France, France | 9 | 48.214 February | 4.5× |
| JasłoSubcarpathia, Poland | 6 | 76.79 February | 4.5× |
| BredaNorth Brabant, The Netherlands | 4 | 38.515 February | 4.5× |
| AntwerpFlanders, Belgium | 7 | 49.315 February | 4.5× |
| BremerhavenBremen, Germany | 3 | 48.616 February | 4.5× |
| HeerlenLimburg, The Netherlands | 2 | 31.012 February | 4.5× |
| PesaroThe Marches, Italy | 6 | 69.316 February | 4.4× |
| MontaubanOccitanie, France | 4 | 42.912 February | 4.4× |
| Romans-sur-IsèreAuvergne-Rhône-Alpes, France | 11 | 56.512 February | 4.4× |
| LilleHauts-de-France, France | 1 | 45.914 February | 4.4× |
| NurembergBavaria, Germany | 3 | 47.210 February | 4.4× |
| GothenburgVästra Götaland, Sweden | 1 | 27.716 February | 4.4× |
| MulhouseGrand Est, France | 7 | 48.811 February | 4.4× |
| IrlamEngland, United Kingdom | 2 | 26.314 February | 4.4× |
| BrusselsBrussels Capital, Belgium | 5 | 37.515 February | 4.4× |
| Sainte-Geneviève-des-BoisÎle-de-France, France | 10 | 56.214 February | 4.4× |
| LiverpoolEngland, United Kingdom | 2 | 28.715 February | 4.3× |
| AarschotFlanders, Belgium | 6 | 39.910 February | 4.3× |
| EupenWallonia, Belgium | 1 | 25.510 February | 4.3× |
| San Felice A CancelloCampania, Italy | 7 | 55.716 February | 4.3× |
| KapellenFlanders, Belgium | 8 | 46.615 February | 4.3× |
| SuhlThuringia, Germany | 2 | 35.311 February | 4.3× |
| MeiningenThuringia, Germany | 2 | 30.111 February | 4.3× |
| YorkEngland, United Kingdom | 2 | 30.315 February | 4.3× |
| WarringtonEngland, United Kingdom | 1 | 27.714 February | 4.3× |
| La RochelleNew Aquitaine, France | 3 | 34.59 February | 4.3× |
| RotterdamSouth Holland, The Netherlands | 4 | 45.115 February | 4.3× |
| MelunÎle-de-France, France | 7 | 42.015 February | 4.2× |
| SpekeEngland, United Kingdom | 1 | 25.014 February | 4.2× |
| KaiserslauternRheinland-Pfalz, Germany | 2 | 36.410 February | 4.2× |
| TřinecMoravian-Silesian Region, Czechia | 4 | 69.48 February | 4.2× |
| LuceraApulia, Italy | 5 | 37.625 February | 4.2× |
| KorçëKorçë County, Albania | 7 | 81.111 February | 4.2× |
| KielSchleswig-Holstein, Germany | 4 | 40.116 February | 4.2× |
| WiganEngland, United Kingdom | 2 | 32.515 February | 4.2× |
| StrasbourgGrand Est, France | 5 | 48.110 February | 4.2× |
| FreiburgBaden-Wurttemberg, Germany | 2 | 30.610 February | 4.2× |
| ŻaryLubusz, Poland | 3 | 54.37 February | 4.2× |
| AostaAosta Valley, Italy | 4 | 36.222 February | 4.2× |
| BrindisiApulia, Italy | 6 | 38.217 February | 4.2× |
| AnsbachBavaria, Germany | 4 | 44.810 February | 4.1× |
| Saint-MaloBrittany, France | 2 | 32.28 February | 4.1× |
| MarseilleProvence-Alpes-Côte d'Azur, France | 5 | 39.213 February | 4.1× |
| Saint-ChamondAuvergne-Rhône-Alpes, France | 6 | 41.612 February | 4.1× |
| MechelenFlanders, Belgium | 4 | 39.510 February | 4.1× |
| ZwijndrechtFlanders, Belgium | 6 | 43.615 February | 4.1× |
| AuxerreBourgogne-Franche-Comté, France | 6 | 33.714 February | 4.1× |
| StabroekFlanders, Belgium | 6 | 43.415 February | 4.1× |
| LondonEngland, United Kingdom | 2 | 35.814 February | 4.1× |
| CouëronPays de la Loire, France | 3 | 32.19 February | 4.1× |
| AthensAttica, Greece | 6 | 55.417 February | 4.0× |
| BohumínMoravian-Silesian Region, Czechia | 4 | 86.57 February | 4.0× |
| SaarbrückenSaarland, Germany | 4 | 39.210 February | 4.0× |
| BambergBavaria, Germany | 4 | 43.910 February | 4.0× |
| LiègeWallonia, Belgium | 5 | 31.312 February | 4.0× |
| AmiensHauts-de-France, France | 5 | 35.215 February | 4.0× |
| MariglianoCampania, Italy | 7 | 99.925 February | 4.0× |
| Spišská Nová VesKošice Region, Slovakia | 8 | 91.611 February | 4.0× |
| LüdenscheidNorth Rhine-Westphalia, Germany | 1 | 34.610 February | 4.0× |
| Eggenstein-LeopoldshafenBaden-Wurttemberg, Germany | 2 | 32.810 February | 4.0× |
| KelheimBavaria, Germany | 3 | 41.810 February | 3.9× |
| ItzehoeSchleswig-Holstein, Germany | 1 | 39.816 February | 3.9× |
| AnnemasseAuvergne-Rhône-Alpes, France | 9 | 47.514 February | 3.9× |
| RidderkerkSouth Holland, The Netherlands | 3 | 44.715 February | 3.9× |
| MetzGrand Est, France | 3 | 34.510 February | 3.9× |
| ManchesterEngland, United Kingdom | 2 | 33.315 February | 3.9× |
| Kosovo PoljePristina, Kosovo | 3 | 47.316 February | 3.9× |
| TrierRheinland-Pfalz, Germany | 7 | 40.610 February | 3.9× |
| Banská BystricaBanská Bystrica Region, Slovakia | 10 | 63.210 February | 3.9× |
| ErfurtThuringia, Germany | 2 | 35.18 February | 3.9× |
| GivorsAuvergne-Rhône-Alpes, France | 8 | 49.313 February | 3.9× |
| Aix-en-ProvenceProvence-Alpes-Côte d'Azur, France | 3 | 35.712 February | 3.9× |
| BergheimNorth Rhine-Westphalia, Germany | 3 | 31.010 February | 3.9× |
| PrestonEngland, United Kingdom | 1 | 27.514 February | 3.9× |
| GenkFlanders, Belgium | 5 | 41.010 February | 3.9× |
| CalaisHauts-de-France, France | 5 | 42.18 February | 3.9× |
| SpeyerRheinland-Pfalz, Germany | 4 | 45.810 February | 3.8× |
| MostÚstí nad Labem Region, Czechia | 6 | 50.38 February | 3.8× |
| ReimsGrand Est, France | 5 | 33.214 February | 3.8× |
| MontbéliardBourgogne-Franche-Comté, France | 6 | 46.911 February | 3.8× |
| VitrollesProvence-Alpes-Côte d'Azur, France | 7 | 48.712 February | 3.8× |
| GraysEngland, United Kingdom | 2 | 34.614 February | 3.8× |
| IaşiIași County, Romania | 3 | 67.910 February | 3.8× |
| DelmenhorstLower Saxony, Germany | 2 | 39.016 February | 3.8× |
| IngolstadtBavaria, Germany | 5 | 52.910 February | 3.8× |
| HouthalenFlanders, Belgium | 5 | 38.910 February | 3.8× |
| TrenčínTrenčín Region, Slovakia | 5 | 64.911 February | 3.8× |
| HasseltFlanders, Belgium | 4 | 35.612 February | 3.7× |
| HillegomSouth Holland, The Netherlands | 3 | 35.915 February | 3.7× |
| VenloLimburg, The Netherlands | 6 | 40.010 February | 3.7× |
| PerpignanOccitanie, France | 1 | 28.312 February | 3.7× |
| PurmerendNorth Holland, The Netherlands | 4 | 38.715 February | 3.7× |
| NeuwiedRheinland-Pfalz, Germany | 5 | 46.111 February | 3.7× |
| BariApulia, Italy | 5 | 35.223 February | 3.7× |
| MolFlanders, Belgium | 4 | 36.910 February | 3.7× |
| SokolovCarlsbad Region, Czechia | 3 | 32.110 February | 3.7× |
| GrimbergenFlanders, Belgium | 4 | 38.010 February | 3.7× |
| Český TěšínMoravian-Silesian Region, Czechia | 4 | 65.37 February | 3.7× |
| NitraNitra Region, Slovakia | 4 | 58.211 February | 3.7× |
| AachenNorth Rhine-Westphalia, Germany | 3 | 31.312 February | 3.7× |
| CannesProvence-Alpes-Côte d'Azur, France | 2 | 34.213 February | 3.7× |
| WilhelmshavenLower Saxony, Germany | 2 | 37.516 February | 3.7× |
| RijekaPrimorje-Gorski Kotar, Croatia | 2 | 37.418 February | 3.7× |
| AmsterdamNorth Holland, The Netherlands | 4 | 42.115 February | 3.7× |
| DillingenSaarland, Germany | 4 | 39.810 February | 3.7× |
| KadaňÚstí nad Labem Region, Czechia | 5 | 44.98 February | 3.7× |
| RixensartWallonia, Belgium | 6 | 35.210 February | 3.6× |
| MedemblikNorth Holland, The Netherlands | 2 | 33.715 February | 3.6× |
| PraguePrague, Czechia | 3 | 43.88 February | 3.6× |
| FoggiaApulia, Italy | 3 | 32.216 February | 3.6× |
| AschaffenburgBavaria, Germany | 2 | 33.610 February | 3.6× |
| Hansestadt SalzwedelSaxony-Anhalt, Germany | 1 | 30.38 February | 3.6× |
| BremenBremen, Germany | 2 | 41.016 February | 3.6× |
| SalzgitterLower Saxony, Germany | 2 | 35.68 February | 3.6× |
| MüllheimBaden-Wurttemberg, Germany | 1 | 29.110 February | 3.6× |
| PiraeusAttica, Greece | 3 | 40.516 February | 3.6× |
| BardejovPrešov Region, Slovakia | 4 | 68.711 February | 3.6× |
| CardiffWales, United Kingdom | 2 | 31.714 February | 3.6× |
| SchwerteNorth Rhine-Westphalia, Germany | 4 | 33.810 February | 3.6× |
| TarantoApulia, Italy | 4 | 32.023 February | 3.6× |
| LjubljanaLjubljana, Slovenia | 11 | 68.611 February | 3.6× |
| GroningenGroningen, The Netherlands | 2 | 32.716 February | 3.6× |
| LörrachBaden-Wurttemberg, Germany | 6 | 33.011 February | 3.5× |
| MagdeburgSaxony-Anhalt, Germany | 3 | 42.28 February | 3.5× |
| CasertaCampania, Italy | 3 | 33.617 February | 3.5× |
| UtrechtUtrecht, The Netherlands | 3 | 34.615 February | 3.5× |
| GöttingenLower Saxony, Germany | 2 | 32.710 February | 3.5× |
| BensheimHesse, Germany | 3 | 37.910 February | 3.5× |
| ChambéryAuvergne-Rhône-Alpes, France | 8 | 36.112 February | 3.5× |
| Bitterfeld-WolfenSaxony-Anhalt, Germany | 4 | 39.58 February | 3.5× |
| Cava Dè TirreniCampania, Italy | 3 | 33.923 February | 3.5× |
| AcharnésAttica, Greece | 7 | 48.216 February | 3.5× |
| KöthenSaxony-Anhalt, Germany | 3 | 34.98 February | 3.5× |
| KrakówLesser Poland, Poland | 2 | 95.67 February | 3.5× |
| SenecBratislava Region, Slovakia | 6 | 45.710 February | 3.5× |
| OytenLower Saxony, Germany | 2 | 38.016 February | 3.5× |
| PartizánskeTrenčín Region, Slovakia | 4 | 56.111 February | 3.5× |
| PrešovPrešov Region, Slovakia | 4 | 75.611 February | 3.5× |
| OpavaMoravian-Silesian Region, Czechia | 5 | 50.57 February | 3.5× |
| Velsen-ZuidNorth Holland, The Netherlands | 4 | 42.815 February | 3.5× |
| KladnoCentral Bohemia, Czechia | 4 | 42.18 February | 3.5× |
| MontpellierOccitanie, France | 4 | 38.912 February | 3.5× |
| MâconBourgogne-Franche-Comté, France | 2 | 28.19 February | 3.5× |
| Rüsselsheim am MainHesse, Germany | 5 | 36.410 February | 3.5× |
| WürzburgBavaria, Germany | 2 | 37.910 February | 3.4× |
| DenainHauts-de-France, France | 2 | 31.316 February | 3.4× |
| WawerMazovia, Poland | 4 | 63.66 February | 3.4× |
| NancyGrand Est, France | 5 | 33.610 February | 3.4× |
| MarmandeNew Aquitaine, France | 3 | 32.513 February | 3.4× |
| OstravaMoravian-Silesian Region, Czechia | 2 | 69.17 February | 3.4× |
| KehlBaden-Wurttemberg, Germany | 3 | 36.210 February | 3.4× |
| LunévilleGrand Est, France | 4 | 39.610 February | 3.4× |
| SopotPomerania, Poland | 2 | 36.516 February | 3.4× |
| DarmstadtHesse, Germany | 2 | 32.310 February | 3.4× |
| Lauda-KönigshofenBaden-Wurttemberg, Germany | 1 | 34.310 February | 3.4× |
| KozániWest Macedonia, Greece | 2 | 32.627 February | 3.4× |
| San SeveroApulia, Italy | 5 | 40.724 February | 3.4× |
| WeselNorth Rhine-Westphalia, Germany | 5 | 36.210 February | 3.4× |
| SninaPrešov Region, Slovakia | 3 | 42.917 February | 3.4× |
| MonopoliApulia, Italy | 3 | 30.423 February | 3.4× |
| TrebišovKošice Region, Slovakia | 4 | 72.217 February | 3.4× |
| LübeckSchleswig-Holstein, Germany | 2 | 30.716 February | 3.4× |
| NysaOpole Voivodeship, Poland | 5 | 46.59 February | 3.4× |
| Baden-BadenBaden-Wurttemberg, Germany | 1 | 25.610 February | 3.4× |
| BarneveldGelderland, The Netherlands | 2 | 33.016 February | 3.4× |
| RatingenNorth Rhine-Westphalia, Germany | 3 | 32.310 February | 3.4× |
| Frýdek-MístekMoravian-Silesian Region, Czechia | 5 | 61.28 February | 3.4× |
| FuldaHesse, Germany | 2 | 32.910 February | 3.4× |
| EnschedeOverijssel, The Netherlands | 4 | 29.516 February | 3.4× |
| Esch-sur-AlzetteEsch-sur-Alzette, Luxembourg | 2 | 29.815 February | 3.3× |
| Schwandorf in BayernBavaria, Germany | 2 | 38.510 February | 3.3× |
| WeidenBavaria, Germany | 4 | 43.510 February | 3.3× |
| ŚwiecieKujawsko-Pomorskie, Poland | 5 | 52.516 February | 3.3× |
| EschbornHesse, Germany | 4 | 34.610 February | 3.3× |
| DimitrovgradHaskovo, Bulgaria | 2 | 41.215 February | 3.3× |
| KatowiceSilesia, Poland | 1 | 82.77 February | 3.3× |
| ZaanstadNorth Holland, The Netherlands | 2 | 48.115 February | 3.3× |
| Ludwigshafen am RheinRheinland-Pfalz, Germany | 5 | 42.410 February | 3.3× |
| RacibórzSilesia, Poland | 2 | 87.77 February | 3.3× |
| MaassluisSouth Holland, The Netherlands | 2 | 34.422 February | 3.3× |
| HattersheimHesse, Germany | 2 | 30.010 February | 3.3× |
| LęborkPomerania, Poland | 2 | 67.516 February | 3.3× |
| GjilanGjilan, Kosovo | 5 | 74.318 February | 3.3× |
| LiberecLiberec Region, Czechia | 6 | 40.416 February | 3.3× |
| WieslochBaden-Wurttemberg, Germany | 2 | 31.210 February | 3.3× |
| VannesBrittany, France | 2 | 30.29 February | 3.3× |
| PérigueuxNew Aquitaine, France | 2 | 26.910 February | 3.3× |
| LudwigsburgBaden-Wurttemberg, Germany | 4 | 31.810 February | 3.3× |
| Burg bei MagdeburgSaxony-Anhalt, Germany | 2 | 29.88 February | 3.3× |
| StralsundMecklenburg-Vorpommern, Germany | 4 | 34.716 February | 3.3× |
| Vranov nad TopľouPrešov Region, Slovakia | 3 | 64.811 February | 3.3× |
| RzeszówSubcarpathia, Poland | 3 | 72.67 February | 3.3× |
| HattingenNorth Rhine-Westphalia, Germany | 2 | 29.110 February | 3.3× |
| ÉpinalGrand Est, France | 3 | 28.110 February | 3.3× |
| Halle (Saale)Saxony-Anhalt, Germany | 3 | 37.98 February | 3.3× |
| Frankfurt am MainHesse, Germany | 3 | 35.610 February | 3.3× |
| CodleaBrașov County, Romania | 4 | 73.810 February | 3.3× |
| BraunschweigLower Saxony, Germany | 2 | 35.28 February | 3.3× |
| Mladá BoleslavCentral Bohemia, Czechia | 7 | 49.116 February | 3.3× |
| LuxembourgLuxembourg | 2 | 31.810 February | 3.2× |
| SenicaTrnava Region, Slovakia | 7 | 46.416 February | 3.2× |
| TarbesOccitanie, France | 5 | 37.321 February | 3.2× |
| EindhovenNorth Brabant, The Netherlands | 6 | 36.310 February | 3.2× |
| DüsseldorfNorth Rhine-Westphalia, Germany | 5 | 34.010 February | 3.2× |
| MühlhausenThuringia, Germany | 4 | 42.48 February | 3.2× |
| Jelenia GóraLower Silesia, Poland | 5 | 63.08 February | 3.2× |
| GalatinaApulia, Italy | 6 | 42.618 February | 3.2× |
| HagenNorth Rhine-Westphalia, Germany | 4 | 37.110 February | 3.2× |
| Jastrzębie ZdrójSilesia, Poland | 2 | 90.57 February | 3.2× |
| KošiceKošice Region, Slovakia | 4 | 68.811 February | 3.2× |
| SalernoCampania, Italy | 1 | 30.523 February | 3.2× |
| VenrayLimburg, The Netherlands | 3 | 30.410 February | 3.2× |
| HeilbronnBaden-Wurttemberg, Germany | 2 | 37.110 February | 3.2× |
| EberswaldeBrandenburg, Germany | 2 | 32.38 February | 3.2× |
| Falconara MarittimaThe Marches, Italy | 4 | 52.916 February | 3.2× |
| BaselBasel-City, Switzerland | 2 | 30.914 February | 3.2× |
| KarlsruheBaden-Wurttemberg, Germany | 3 | 32.110 February | 3.2× |
| WarsteinNorth Rhine-Westphalia, Germany | 1 | 28.610 February | 3.2× |
| GroßostheimBavaria, Germany | 3 | 33.010 February | 3.2× |
| KonstanzBaden-Wurttemberg, Germany | 5 | 34.911 February | 3.2× |
| MainzRheinland-Pfalz, Germany | 5 | 36.810 February | 3.2× |
| NijmegenGelderland, The Netherlands | 3 | 31.016 February | 3.2× |
| WuppertalNorth Rhine-Westphalia, Germany | 3 | 32.210 February | 3.2× |
| DrammenBuskerud, Norway | 1 | 36.616 February | 3.2× |
| DuisburgNorth Rhine-Westphalia, Germany | 6 | 33.710 February | 3.1× |
| PátraWest Greece, Greece | 1 | 61.416 February | 3.1× |
| OberhausenNorth Rhine-Westphalia, Germany | 5 | 34.810 February | 3.1× |
| AlbertvilleAuvergne-Rhône-Alpes, France | 1 | 25.722 February | 3.1× |
| JüchenNorth Rhine-Westphalia, Germany | 4 | 30.410 February | 3.1× |
| WittenbergeBrandenburg, Germany | 1 | 29.38 February | 3.1× |
| HumennéPrešov Region, Slovakia | 3 | 66.911 February | 3.1× |
| ThessaloníkiCentral Macedonia, Greece | 6 | 54.718 February | 3.1× |
| PristinaPristina, Kosovo | 3 | 62.114 February | 3.1× |
| WormsRheinland-Pfalz, Germany | 5 | 42.210 February | 3.1× |
| KochaniKochani, North Macedonia | 8 | 53.012 February | 3.1× |
| SereďTrnava Region, Slovakia | 4 | 45.211 February | 3.1× |
| FilderstadtBaden-Wurttemberg, Germany | 4 | 33.310 February | 3.1× |
| PrilepPrilep, North Macedonia | 7 | 86.316 February | 3.1× |
| České BudějoviceSouth Bohemian Region, Czechia | 3 | 40.07 February | 3.1× |
| BadhoevedorpNorth Holland, The Netherlands | 4 | 44.615 February | 3.1× |
| Valašské MeziříčíZlín, Czechia | 4 | 58.48 February | 3.1× |
| TrnavaTrnava Region, Slovakia | 3 | 43.911 February | 3.1× |
| OldenburgLower Saxony, Germany | 3 | 38.216 February | 3.1× |
| ZlínZlín, Czechia | 5 | 49.816 February | 3.1× |
| StrumicaStrumica, North Macedonia | 8 | 110.410 February | 3.0× |
| MarktredwitzBavaria, Germany | 3 | 34.110 February | 3.0× |
| NordhausenThuringia, Germany | 3 | 33.18 February | 3.0× |
| LampertheimHesse, Germany | 6 | 35.210 February | 3.0× |
| Popeşti-LeordeniIlfov, Romania | 6 | 60.012 February | 3.0× |
| VoluntariIlfov, Romania | 7 | 65.417 February | 3.0× |
| ReutlingenBaden-Wurttemberg, Germany | 3 | 29.510 February | 3.0× |
| AugsburgBavaria, Germany | 2 | 34.910 February | 3.0× |
| BorkenNorth Rhine-Westphalia, Germany | 5 | 36.610 February | 3.0× |
| Bielsko-BialaSilesia, Poland | 4 | 90.07 February | 3.0× |
| Marburg an der LahnHesse, Germany | 3 | 30.010 February | 3.0× |
| PardubicePardubice Region, Czechia | 5 | 47.67 February | 3.0× |
| PejëPec, Kosovo | 2 | 57.416 February | 3.0× |
| StuttgartBaden-Wurttemberg, Germany | 4 | 34.310 February | 3.0× |
| ZamośćLublin, Poland | 1 | 62.328 February | 3.0× |
| WaregemFlanders, Belgium | 8 | 41.116 February | 3.0× |
| AalenBaden-Wurttemberg, Germany | 1 | 27.410 February | 3.0× |
| GostivarGostivar, North Macedonia | 2 | 89.317 February | 3.0× |
| KasselHesse, Germany | 2 | 34.510 February | 3.0× |
| FriedrichshafenBaden-Wurttemberg, Germany | 3 | 34.211 February | 3.0× |
| Biberach an der RißBaden-Wurttemberg, Germany | 2 | 29.311 February | 3.0× |
| MannheimBaden-Wurttemberg, Germany | 5 | 36.410 February | 3.0× |
| JülichNorth Rhine-Westphalia, Germany | 1 | 27.712 February | 2.9× |
Daily means in µg/m³. Usual: the city's median for this time of year (its days within 21 days of the date, every year, leaving out the week around it). Above usual: its highest day against that.
Against other episodes in Germany and France
The largest of 18 episodes in Germany and France since our records began, by cities reached.
- Central Europe, February 2023604
- Central Europe, February and March 2023274
- Western Europe, March 2023119
- Eastern Europe, December 2023107
- Southern Europe, December 202397
- North-eastern Spain and France, February 202372
- France, The Netherlands and United Kingdom, January 202366
- Central Europe, April 202365
- France, Belgium and United Kingdom, November and December 202343
- France and Belgium, April 202336
- Belgium and Germany, May 202326
- Germany, Slovakia and 2 more countries, June 202319
Bars: cities reached; colour: the level of the episode's highest daily reading. All 18.
Use this page
SmogRank, Central Europe, February 2023: 604 cities with PM2.5 at twice their usual or more, 6 to 25 February 2023, smogrank.com/episodes/2023-02-central-europe (accessed 2 October 2026).
You're welcome to reuse a single chart, image or figure with this citation and a link. Terms.
An episode is a run of days when many cities close to each other (four or more within 350 km on a day, 8 or more in all) each had a daily PM2.5 mean of at least 25 µg/m³ and at least 2 times their usual for that time of year. Found in our own measurements, not picked by hand. How we find episodes. Values are each city's daily mean of its own monitors; causes are the usual kinds for a pattern like this, not a confirmed source.