SmogRank / Episodes / France

Europe, March 2023

For 4 days, from 4 to 7 March 2023, 121 cities in France, Germany, Spain and 4 more countries had PM2.5 at least twice their usual for the time of year. The worst reading was Bihać, Federation of B&H, Bosnia and Herzegovina: 72.8 µg/m³ on 4 March, about 2.6× its usual 27.8.

No cause namedWe have no fire or smoke records for these days, so we only say what the measurements show.
Cities reached121in 7 countries
Days44 to 7 March 2023
Worst day4 March114 cities counted
Furthest above usual6.9×La Rochelle

Day by day

4 March 114 cities at twice their usual or more
TroyesFontainebleauCoulommiersÉtampesSainte-Geneviève-des-BoisÉpernayParisSarcellesRambouilletReimsDomontChartresNîmesCreilLunelMontpellierToursDreuxBeauvaisSaint-QuentinÉvreuxAmiensLe MansDenainEsch-sur-AlzetteRouenThionvilleArrasDouaiAostaMonsLensPerpignanCharleroiAlençonLuxembourgTournaiMarche-en-FamenneBéthuneLilleNamurRoubaixDieppeAndenneDillingenLisieuxLa GardeAngersRixensartMenenKortrijkWaregemSaarbrückenBrusselsTurinRoeselareZaventemGrimbergenFlémalle-HauteFréjusGentLiègeLochristiLe HavreEvergemMechelenles EscaldesWillebroekAarschotDunkirkMaldegemKoksijdeNiceBeverenHasseltCalaisZwijndrechtAntwerpCaenEupenMonacoGenkHouthalenKapellenMentonStabroekMolAachenHeerlenKaiserslauternVillingen-SchwenningenBaden-BadenBredaJülichNantesTilburgEindhovenCouëronBergheimJüchenBad KreuznachSavonaMönchengladbachBonnVenloNettetalRennesVenrayKölnBendorfLeverkusenKrefeldPforzheimDüsseldorfHerrenbergWormsRatingenSolingenGenoaWieslochMainzDuisburgSaint-NazaireWiesbadenHeidelbergLimburg an der LahnWuppertalOberhausenRüsselsheim am MainSaint-MaloEssenFilderstadtStuttgartHattingenCherbourgHattersheimDarmstadtGelsenkirchenLudwigsburgKönigstein im TaunusEschbornLüdenscheidHagenHeilbronnFrankfurt am MainNetphenDortmundSchwerteHanau am MainVannesGroßostheimUnnaGießenAschaffenburgZarautzZaragozaSaint-BrieucMarburg an der LahnLa SpeziaSoestWarsteinLauda-KönigshofenTudelaAalenCalahorraBastiaBermeoLorientWürzburgMarsbergGasteiz / VitoriaFuldaAnsbachKasselBolzanoInnsbruckWitzenhausenStarnbergMeiningenNurembergBambergEisenachGöttingenIngolstadtSuhlCoburgBrestMühlhausenBurgosKelheimErfurtNordhausenSaalfeldWeimarSchwandorf in BayernJenaTraunreutWeidenMarktredwitzPalenciaSaalfelden am Steinernen MeerGreizWeißenfelsValladolidPesaroHalle (Saale)SokolovSamaAltenburgAvilésLeónPassauBitterfeld-WolfenJesiKoperFalconara MarittimaPilsenAnconaKadaňWelsCivitanova MarcheKlagenfurt am WörtherseeTraunMostLitvínovAnsfeldenLinzRijekaLjubljanaSteyrTepliceBerounKladnoČeské BudějoviceÚstí nad LabemWolfsbergPragueAmstettenDěčínTrbovljeViveiroLugoCeljeGrazMladá BoleslavMariborNarónSankt PöltenBogatyniaOurenseFerrolLiberecPtujLalínJihlavaA CoruñaArteixoSantiago de CompostelaZnojmoPardubiceŽďár nad SázavouBadenSan SeveroPerchtoldsdorfHradec KrálovéMödlingKlosterneuburgPontevedraJelenia GóraViennaKoprivnicaBrnoŽideniceDevínska Nová VesMalackyBratislavaKłodzkoHodonínBanja LukaPezinokSenecSenicaOlomoucKroměřížTrnavaPřerovWrocławSereďNysaZlínHraniceMostarNovo MestoLampertheimLudwigshafen am RheinKranjBensheimVigoBurghausenKehlMannheimNeuwiedSpeyerIzegemNancyUlmAugsburgKoblenzKarlsruheLunévilleBihaćMunichMetzGapBiberach an der RißNeu-UlmStrasbourgMontbéliardMelunOviedoTübingenTrierCannesReutlingenOrléansMulhouseGardanneFos-sur-MerEggenstein-LeopoldshafenHaguenauSallanchesMontargisJoué-lès-ToursManosqueGijónMont-de-MarsanAvignonArlesAnnecyForbachVerdunLyonVitrollesAmorebietaKempten (Allgäu)AuxerreMüllheimÉpinalBaselDaxFriedrichshafenBloisGivorsMarseilleLörrachKonstanzKreuzlingenOriaLindauOlivetMontceau-les-MinesSaint-DizierMarignaneLaudio / LlodioSalon-de-ProvenceVillefranche-sur-SaôneMeyzieuRomans-sur-IsèreDijonBilbaoChalon-sur-SaôneAix-en-ProvenceBourgesBesançonFreiburgMoulinsTarbesAngletMâconPérigueuxPoitiersDurangoValenceGrenobleGetxoChâteaurouxMeylanLa Roche-sur-YonVesoulHernaniAurillacLimogesAnnemasseLourdesRodezDonostia / San SebastiánLormontSaint-ÉtiennePauMontaubanToulouseBourg-en-BresseMarmandeBordeauxNiortChambéryAngoulêmeAlbertvilleSaint-ChamondClermont-FerrandMontluçonLons-le-SaunierLa Rochelle
1 Mar2345678910
Every measured city in the area, coloured by its PM2.5 that day; a dark ring marks a city at twice its usual or more. Bars: cities counted each day, coloured by their median level. Choose a day or press play; without JavaScript, the days link to that day's world ranking.

How it spread

BihaćBihać, 1 March: 18.0 µg/m³Bihać, 2 March: 42.9 µg/m³Bihać, 3 March: 66.4 µg/m³Bihać, 4 March: 72.8 µg/m³, 2.6× its usual 27.8Bihać, 5 March: 68.3 µg/m³Bihać, 6 March: 40.0 µg/m³Bihać, 7 March: 15.6 µg/m³Bihać, 8 March: 6.0 µg/m³Bihać, 9 March: 4.3 µg/m³Bihać, 10 March: 8.3 µg/m³BordeauxBordeaux, 1 March: 20.5 µg/m³Bordeaux, 2 March: 34.7 µg/m³Bordeaux, 3 March: 44.4 µg/m³Bordeaux, 4 March: 50.9 µg/m³, 5.9× its usual 8.7Bordeaux, 5 March: 36.3 µg/m³, 4.3× its usual 8.4Bordeaux, 6 March: 26.0 µg/m³, 3.2× its usual 8.1Bordeaux, 7 March: 31.0 µg/m³, 3.9× its usual 8.0Bordeaux, 8 March: 8.1 µg/m³Bordeaux, 9 March: 10.0 µg/m³Bordeaux, 10 March: 11.0 µg/m³MeylanMeylan, 1 March: 26.2 µg/m³Meylan, 2 March: 39.3 µg/m³Meylan, 3 March: 44.4 µg/m³Meylan, 4 March: 50.0 µg/m³, 5.0× its usual 10.1Meylan, 5 March: 45.7 µg/m³, 4.5× its usual 10.1Meylan, 6 March: 38.3 µg/m³, 3.8× its usual 10.0Meylan, 7 March: 20.7 µg/m³Meylan, 8 March: 18.7 µg/m³Meylan, 9 March: 12.3 µg/m³Meylan, 10 March: 4.4 µg/m³ChambéryChambéry, 1 March: 24.7 µg/m³Chambéry, 2 March: 29.7 µg/m³Chambéry, 3 March: 43.2 µg/m³Chambéry, 4 March: 49.0 µg/m³, 6.3× its usual 7.8Chambéry, 5 March: 40.4 µg/m³, 5.5× its usual 7.4Chambéry, 6 March: 33.9 µg/m³, 4.6× its usual 7.4Chambéry, 7 March: 16.6 µg/m³Chambéry, 8 March: 8.5 µg/m³Chambéry, 9 March: 6.5 µg/m³Chambéry, 10 March: 4.2 µg/m³Romans-sur-IsèreRomans-sur-Isère, 1 March: 29.4 µg/m³Romans-sur-Isère, 2 March: 38.8 µg/m³Romans-sur-Isère, 3 March: 40.8 µg/m³Romans-sur-Isère, 4 March: 48.5 µg/m³, 4.3× its usual 11.4Romans-sur-Isère, 5 March: 38.2 µg/m³, 3.4× its usual 11.4Romans-sur-Isère, 6 March: 33.4 µg/m³, 3.0× its usual 11.2Romans-sur-Isère, 7 March: 29.3 µg/m³, 2.7× its usual 11.0Romans-sur-Isère, 8 March: 20.6 µg/m³Romans-sur-Isère, 9 March: 15.0 µg/m³Romans-sur-Isère, 10 March: 6.6 µg/m³AlbertvilleAlbertville, 1 March: 30.0 µg/m³Albertville, 2 March: 35.7 µg/m³Albertville, 3 March: 40.2 µg/m³Albertville, 4 March: 48.3 µg/m³, 6.5× its usual 7.4Albertville, 5 March: 39.5 µg/m³, 5.4× its usual 7.3Albertville, 6 March: 30.2 µg/m³, 4.1× its usual 7.3Albertville, 7 March: 14.0 µg/m³Albertville, 8 March: 6.7 µg/m³Albertville, 9 March: 6.3 µg/m³Albertville, 10 March: 5.5 µg/m³Bourg-en-BresseBourg-en-Bresse, 1 March: 27.6 µg/m³Bourg-en-Bresse, 2 March: 36.6 µg/m³Bourg-en-Bresse, 3 March: 51.6 µg/m³Bourg-en-Bresse, 4 March: 47.2 µg/m³, 5.8× its usual 8.1Bourg-en-Bresse, 5 March: 29.2 µg/m³, 3.6× its usual 8.1Bourg-en-Bresse, 6 March: 27.1 µg/m³, 3.4× its usual 8.0Bourg-en-Bresse, 7 March: 21.8 µg/m³Bourg-en-Bresse, 8 March: 8.8 µg/m³Bourg-en-Bresse, 9 March: 5.6 µg/m³Bourg-en-Bresse, 10 March: 4.7 µg/m³GrenobleGrenoble, 1 March: 27.4 µg/m³Grenoble, 2 March: 35.2 µg/m³Grenoble, 3 March: 41.4 µg/m³Grenoble, 4 March: 47.1 µg/m³, 4.9× its usual 9.6Grenoble, 5 March: 41.5 µg/m³, 4.4× its usual 9.4Grenoble, 6 March: 36.5 µg/m³, 3.9× its usual 9.3Grenoble, 7 March: 21.2 µg/m³Grenoble, 8 March: 16.6 µg/m³Grenoble, 9 March: 9.3 µg/m³Grenoble, 10 March: 3.0 µg/m³AnnemasseAnnemasse, 1 March: 24.0 µg/m³Annemasse, 2 March: 32.1 µg/m³Annemasse, 3 March: 48.4 µg/m³Annemasse, 4 March: 46.4 µg/m³, 5.3× its usual 8.8Annemasse, 5 March: 37.0 µg/m³, 4.2× its usual 8.8Annemasse, 6 March: 30.8 µg/m³, 3.6× its usual 8.6Annemasse, 7 March: 17.1 µg/m³Annemasse, 8 March: 6.3 µg/m³Annemasse, 9 March: 3.1 µg/m³Annemasse, 10 March: 2.4 µg/m³NiortNiort, 1 March: 21.2 µg/m³Niort, 2 March: 33.1 µg/m³Niort, 3 March: 52.7 µg/m³Niort, 4 March: 45.5 µg/m³, 6.1× its usual 7.4Niort, 5 March: 22.6 µg/m³Niort, 6 March: 15.6 µg/m³Niort, 7 March: 15.4 µg/m³Niort, 8 March: 8.6 µg/m³Niort, 9 March: 13.8 µg/m³Niort, 10 March: 12.8 µg/m³MontluçonMontluçon, 1 March: 27.8 µg/m³Montluçon, 2 March: 41.2 µg/m³Montluçon, 3 March: 42.8 µg/m³Montluçon, 4 March: 45.4 µg/m³, 6.6× its usual 6.9Montluçon, 5 March: 30.4 µg/m³, 4.5× its usual 6.8Montluçon, 6 March: 25.0 µg/m³, 3.7× its usual 6.8Montluçon, 7 March: 15.7 µg/m³Montluçon, 8 March: 3.3 µg/m³Montluçon, 9 March: 5.7 µg/m³Montluçon, 10 March: 6.4 µg/m³ValenceValence, 1 March: 26.8 µg/m³Valence, 2 March: 34.8 µg/m³Valence, 3 March: 38.8 µg/m³Valence, 4 March: 44.8 µg/m³, 4.9× its usual 9.1Valence, 5 March: 34.7 µg/m³, 3.9× its usual 9.0Valence, 6 March: 28.7 µg/m³, 3.3× its usual 8.7Valence, 7 March: 25.7 µg/m³, 3.0× its usual 8.5Valence, 8 March: 18.3 µg/m³Valence, 9 March: 14.9 µg/m³Valence, 10 March: 7.5 µg/m³Saint-ÉtienneSaint-Étienne, 1 March: 27.0 µg/m³Saint-Étienne, 2 March: 34.0 µg/m³Saint-Étienne, 3 March: 38.5 µg/m³Saint-Étienne, 4 March: 43.8 µg/m³, 5.5× its usual 7.9Saint-Étienne, 5 March: 34.3 µg/m³, 4.3× its usual 7.9Saint-Étienne, 6 March: 30.8 µg/m³, 4.1× its usual 7.6Saint-Étienne, 7 March: 19.6 µg/m³Saint-Étienne, 8 March: 2.9 µg/m³Saint-Étienne, 9 March: 3.7 µg/m³Saint-Étienne, 10 March: 3.8 µg/m³Clermont-FerrandClermont-Ferrand, 1 March: 21.8 µg/m³Clermont-Ferrand, 2 March: 30.3 µg/m³Clermont-Ferrand, 3 March: 38.3 µg/m³Clermont-Ferrand, 4 March: 43.2 µg/m³, 6.6× its usual 6.5Clermont-Ferrand, 5 March: 36.4 µg/m³, 5.3× its usual 6.9Clermont-Ferrand, 6 March: 40.4 µg/m³, 6.2× its usual 6.5Clermont-Ferrand, 7 March: 16.6 µg/m³Clermont-Ferrand, 8 March: 5.0 µg/m³Clermont-Ferrand, 9 March: 5.5 µg/m³Clermont-Ferrand, 10 March: 5.3 µg/m³ToulouseToulouse, 1 March: 17.7 µg/m³Toulouse, 2 March: 22.2 µg/m³Toulouse, 3 March: 33.6 µg/m³Toulouse, 4 March: 42.9 µg/m³, 5.8× its usual 7.4Toulouse, 5 March: 38.3 µg/m³, 5.1× its usual 7.5Toulouse, 6 March: 32.2 µg/m³, 4.4× its usual 7.4Toulouse, 7 March: 27.8 µg/m³, 3.8× its usual 7.4Toulouse, 8 March: 9.4 µg/m³Toulouse, 9 March: 5.8 µg/m³Toulouse, 10 March: 7.2 µg/m³MeyzieuMeyzieu, 1 March: 28.4 µg/m³Meyzieu, 2 March: 34.5 µg/m³Meyzieu, 3 March: 41.7 µg/m³Meyzieu, 4 March: 42.9 µg/m³, 4.3× its usual 9.9Meyzieu, 5 March: 31.3 µg/m³, 3.2× its usual 9.9Meyzieu, 6 March: 31.0 µg/m³, 3.2× its usual 9.8Meyzieu, 7 March: 24.9 µg/m³Meyzieu, 8 March: 12.0 µg/m³Meyzieu, 9 March: 6.4 µg/m³Meyzieu, 10 March: 4.3 µg/m³AngoulêmeAngoulême, 1 March: 22.2 µg/m³Angoulême, 2 March: 38.6 µg/m³Angoulême, 3 March: 49.5 µg/m³Angoulême, 4 March: 42.5 µg/m³, 6.4× its usual 6.6Angoulême, 5 March: 27.4 µg/m³, 4.1× its usual 6.7Angoulême, 6 March: 25.2 µg/m³, 3.8× its usual 6.6Angoulême, 7 March: 19.0 µg/m³Angoulême, 8 March: 8.6 µg/m³Angoulême, 9 March: 13.0 µg/m³Angoulême, 10 March: 12.6 µg/m³LormontLormont, 1 March: 15.1 µg/m³Lormont, 2 March: 30.0 µg/m³Lormont, 3 March: 35.9 µg/m³Lormont, 4 March: 42.2 µg/m³, 5.5× its usual 7.7Lormont, 5 March: 27.2 µg/m³, 3.6× its usual 7.6Lormont, 6 March: 22.3 µg/m³Lormont, 7 March: 17.2 µg/m³Lormont, 8 March: 5.1 µg/m³Lormont, 9 March: 6.1 µg/m³Lormont, 10 March: 7.0 µg/m³LimogesLimoges, 1 March: 20.7 µg/m³Limoges, 2 March: 37.7 µg/m³Limoges, 3 March: 47.2 µg/m³Limoges, 4 March: 41.5 µg/m³, 5.3× its usual 7.8Limoges, 5 March: 27.7 µg/m³, 3.6× its usual 7.8Limoges, 6 March: 27.5 µg/m³, 3.6× its usual 7.7Limoges, 7 March: 17.6 µg/m³Limoges, 8 March: 6.7 µg/m³Limoges, 9 March: 9.6 µg/m³Limoges, 10 March: 8.8 µg/m³MontaubanMontauban, 1 March: 20.5 µg/m³Montauban, 2 March: 26.4 µg/m³Montauban, 3 March: 35.5 µg/m³Montauban, 4 March: 41.3 µg/m³, 5.8× its usual 7.1Montauban, 5 March: 40.3 µg/m³, 5.7× its usual 7.1Montauban, 6 March: 37.7 µg/m³, 5.5× its usual 6.9Montauban, 7 March: 30.5 µg/m³, 4.6× its usual 6.6Montauban, 8 March: 13.0 µg/m³Montauban, 9 March: 6.4 µg/m³Montauban, 10 March: 8.0 µg/m³Saint-ChamondSaint-Chamond, 1 March: 26.4 µg/m³Saint-Chamond, 2 March: 32.5 µg/m³Saint-Chamond, 3 March: 35.0 µg/m³Saint-Chamond, 4 March: 40.8 µg/m³, 6.6× its usual 6.2Saint-Chamond, 5 March: 32.0 µg/m³, 5.4× its usual 5.9Saint-Chamond, 6 March: 25.7 µg/m³, 4.5× its usual 5.7Saint-Chamond, 7 March: 19.0 µg/m³Saint-Chamond, 8 March: 9.5 µg/m³Saint-Chamond, 9 March: 4.8 µg/m³Saint-Chamond, 10 March: 3.8 µg/m³SallanchesSallanches, 1 March: 33.2 µg/m³Sallanches, 2 March: 42.1 µg/m³Sallanches, 3 March: 43.2 µg/m³Sallanches, 4 March: 40.4 µg/m³, 3.0× its usual 13.6Sallanches, 5 March: 40.8 µg/m³, 3.1× its usual 13.0Sallanches, 6 March: 33.0 µg/m³, 2.7× its usual 12.4Sallanches, 7 March: 21.8 µg/m³Sallanches, 8 March: 12.9 µg/m³Sallanches, 9 March: 12.0 µg/m³Sallanches, 10 March: 8.0 µg/m³TarbesTarbes, 1 March: 16.8 µg/m³Tarbes, 2 March: 21.9 µg/m³Tarbes, 3 March: 32.2 µg/m³Tarbes, 4 March: 40.6 µg/m³, 4.6× its usual 8.8Tarbes, 5 March: 36.9 µg/m³, 4.2× its usual 8.8Tarbes, 6 March: 30.9 µg/m³, 3.5× its usual 8.8Tarbes, 7 March: 21.8 µg/m³Tarbes, 8 March: 9.8 µg/m³Tarbes, 9 March: 5.7 µg/m³Tarbes, 10 March: 6.6 µg/m³AnnecyAnnecy, 1 March: 17.3 µg/m³Annecy, 2 March: 24.0 µg/m³Annecy, 3 March: 32.9 µg/m³Annecy, 4 March: 40.5 µg/m³, 3.3× its usual 12.1Annecy, 5 March: 36.2 µg/m³, 3.0× its usual 12.1Annecy, 6 March: 31.0 µg/m³, 2.6× its usual 11.7Annecy, 7 March: 18.7 µg/m³Annecy, 8 March: 10.4 µg/m³Annecy, 9 March: 12.8 µg/m³Annecy, 10 March: 4.3 µg/m³MoulinsMoulins, 1 March: 23.7 µg/m³Moulins, 2 March: 35.8 µg/m³Moulins, 3 March: 51.4 µg/m³Moulins, 4 March: 40.4 µg/m³, 4.6× its usual 8.7Moulins, 5 March: 28.3 µg/m³, 3.2× its usual 8.8Moulins, 6 March: 28.5 µg/m³, 3.2× its usual 8.9Moulins, 7 March: 21.2 µg/m³Moulins, 8 March: 6.9 µg/m³Moulins, 9 March: 5.7 µg/m³Moulins, 10 March: 6.2 µg/m³FriedrichshafenFriedrichshafen, 1 March: 22.0 µg/m³Friedrichshafen, 2 March: 30.0 µg/m³Friedrichshafen, 3 March: 37.3 µg/m³Friedrichshafen, 4 March: 40.3 µg/m³, 3.7× its usual 11.0Friedrichshafen, 5 March: 24.0 µg/m³Friedrichshafen, 6 March: 13.1 µg/m³Friedrichshafen, 7 March: 12.1 µg/m³Friedrichshafen, 8 March: 12.3 µg/m³Friedrichshafen, 9 March: 2.8 µg/m³Friedrichshafen, 10 March: 2.7 µg/m³Villefranche-sur-Sa…Villefranche-sur-Saône, 1 March: 26.3 µg/m³Villefranche-sur-Saône, 2 March: 36.8 µg/m³Villefranche-sur-Saône, 3 March: 40.0 µg/m³Villefranche-sur-Saône, 4 March: 40.0 µg/m³, 4.3× its usual 9.2Villefranche-sur-Saône, 5 March: 29.8 µg/m³, 3.2× its usual 9.2Villefranche-sur-Saône, 6 March: 23.0 µg/m³Villefranche-sur-Saône, 7 March: 22.8 µg/m³Villefranche-sur-Saône, 8 March: 15.4 µg/m³Villefranche-sur-Saône, 9 March: 6.6 µg/m³Villefranche-sur-Saône, 10 March: 4.5 µg/m³PauPau, 1 March: 15.6 µg/m³Pau, 2 March: 22.5 µg/m³Pau, 3 March: 33.1 µg/m³Pau, 4 March: 39.3 µg/m³, 5.7× its usual 6.9Pau, 5 March: 37.1 µg/m³, 5.4× its usual 6.9Pau, 6 March: 29.5 µg/m³, 4.3× its usual 6.8Pau, 7 March: 19.3 µg/m³Pau, 8 March: 3.7 µg/m³Pau, 9 March: 4.0 µg/m³Pau, 10 March: 6.7 µg/m³ChâteaurouxChâteauroux, 1 March: 21.1 µg/m³Châteauroux, 2 March: 39.1 µg/m³Châteauroux, 3 March: 52.8 µg/m³Châteauroux, 4 March: 39.2 µg/m³, 5.0× its usual 7.9Châteauroux, 5 March: 26.5 µg/m³, 3.4× its usual 7.9Châteauroux, 6 March: 22.7 µg/m³Châteauroux, 7 March: 15.2 µg/m³Châteauroux, 8 March: 5.7 µg/m³Châteauroux, 9 March: 8.4 µg/m³Châteauroux, 10 March: 8.8 µg/m³KreuzlingenKreuzlingen, 1 March: 21.7 µg/m³Kreuzlingen, 2 March: 27.3 µg/m³Kreuzlingen, 3 March: 34.3 µg/m³Kreuzlingen, 4 March: 39.1 µg/m³, 3.8× its usual 10.2Kreuzlingen, 5 March: 18.8 µg/m³Kreuzlingen, 6 March: 10.7 µg/m³Kreuzlingen, 7 March: 11.5 µg/m³Kreuzlingen, 8 March: 9.0 µg/m³Kreuzlingen, 9 March: 2.5 µg/m³Kreuzlingen, 10 March: 2.0 µg/m³KonstanzKonstanz, 1 March: 21.7 µg/m³Konstanz, 2 March: 27.3 µg/m³Konstanz, 3 March: 34.3 µg/m³Konstanz, 4 March: 39.1 µg/m³, 3.8× its usual 10.2Konstanz, 5 March: 18.8 µg/m³Konstanz, 6 March: 10.7 µg/m³Konstanz, 7 March: 11.5 µg/m³Konstanz, 8 March: 9.0 µg/m³Konstanz, 9 March: 2.5 µg/m³Konstanz, 10 March: 2.0 µg/m³LindauLindau, 1 March: 18.1 µg/m³Lindau, 2 March: 27.2 µg/m³Lindau, 3 March: 37.8 µg/m³Lindau, 4 March: 38.8 µg/m³, 3.9× its usual 9.9Lindau, 5 March: 27.3 µg/m³, 2.8× its usual 9.8Lindau, 6 March: 14.0 µg/m³Lindau, 7 March: 12.8 µg/m³Lindau, 8 March: 13.7 µg/m³Lindau, 9 March: 3.9 µg/m³Lindau, 10 March: 2.8 µg/m³La RochelleLa Rochelle, 1 March: 18.6 µg/m³La Rochelle, 2 March: 31.9 µg/m³La Rochelle, 3 March: 48.2 µg/m³La Rochelle, 4 March: 38.5 µg/m³, 6.9× its usual 5.6La Rochelle, 5 March: 19.7 µg/m³La Rochelle, 6 March: 13.5 µg/m³La Rochelle, 7 March: 12.6 µg/m³La Rochelle, 8 March: 8.3 µg/m³La Rochelle, 9 March: 10.8 µg/m³La Rochelle, 10 March: 13.4 µg/m³MarmandeMarmande, 1 March: 14.0 µg/m³Marmande, 2 March: 29.0 µg/m³Marmande, 3 March: 33.7 µg/m³Marmande, 4 March: 37.8 µg/m³, 5.9× its usual 6.4Marmande, 5 March: 27.4 µg/m³, 4.3× its usual 6.4Marmande, 6 March: 22.6 µg/m³Marmande, 7 March: 26.8 µg/m³, 4.5× its usual 5.9Marmande, 8 March: 7.7 µg/m³Marmande, 9 March: 5.3 µg/m³Marmande, 10 March: 6.0 µg/m³BourgesBourges, 1 March: 23.0 µg/m³Bourges, 2 March: 37.1 µg/m³Bourges, 3 March: 48.1 µg/m³Bourges, 4 March: 37.5 µg/m³, 4.5× its usual 8.3Bourges, 5 March: 17.9 µg/m³Bourges, 6 March: 22.6 µg/m³Bourges, 7 March: 14.4 µg/m³Bourges, 8 March: 5.6 µg/m³Bourges, 9 March: 7.2 µg/m³Bourges, 10 March: 7.1 µg/m³PoitiersPoitiers, 1 March: 19.2 µg/m³Poitiers, 2 March: 31.8 µg/m³Poitiers, 3 March: 46.0 µg/m³Poitiers, 4 March: 37.4 µg/m³, 4.7× its usual 7.9Poitiers, 5 March: 20.8 µg/m³Poitiers, 6 March: 16.9 µg/m³Poitiers, 7 March: 15.6 µg/m³Poitiers, 8 March: 6.8 µg/m³Poitiers, 9 March: 10.5 µg/m³Poitiers, 10 March: 10.2 µg/m³MarignaneMarignane, 1 March: 24.5 µg/m³Marignane, 2 March: 31.3 µg/m³Marignane, 3 March: 34.8 µg/m³Marignane, 4 March: 37.3 µg/m³, 4.2× its usual 8.9Marignane, 5 March: 33.9 µg/m³, 3.7× its usual 9.1Marignane, 6 March: 30.0 µg/m³, 3.4× its usual 8.9Marignane, 7 March: 24.6 µg/m³Marignane, 8 March: 23.7 µg/m³Marignane, 9 March: 15.1 µg/m³Marignane, 10 March: 7.2 µg/m³HernaniHernani, 1 March: 15.0 µg/m³Hernani, 2 March: 25.6 µg/m³Hernani, 3 March: 20.6 µg/m³Hernani, 4 March: 32.0 µg/m³, 4.5× its usual 7.1Hernani, 5 March: 37.2 µg/m³, 5.1× its usual 7.3Hernani, 6 March: 25.1 µg/m³, 3.5× its usual 7.2Hernani, 7 March: 12.3 µg/m³Hernani, 8 March: 6.3 µg/m³Hernani, 9 March: 7.6 µg/m³Hernani, 10 March: 10.6 µg/m³PérigueuxPérigueux, 1 March: 20.8 µg/m³Périgueux, 2 March: 35.3 µg/m³Périgueux, 3 March: 45.2 µg/m³Périgueux, 4 March: 37.1 µg/m³, 4.7× its usual 7.9Périgueux, 5 March: 32.1 µg/m³, 4.1× its usual 7.9Périgueux, 6 March: 23.4 µg/m³Périgueux, 7 March: 19.1 µg/m³Périgueux, 8 March: 8.2 µg/m³Périgueux, 9 March: 9.4 µg/m³Périgueux, 10 March: 8.9 µg/m³VesoulVesoul, 1 March: 27.0 µg/m³Vesoul, 2 March: 37.3 µg/m³Vesoul, 3 March: 42.2 µg/m³Vesoul, 4 March: 36.6 µg/m³, 5.1× its usual 7.2Vesoul, 5 March: 29.1 µg/m³, 4.0× its usual 7.3Vesoul, 6 March: 15.2 µg/m³Vesoul, 7 March: 13.9 µg/m³Vesoul, 8 March: 8.8 µg/m³Vesoul, 9 March: 4.9 µg/m³Vesoul, 10 March: 3.9 µg/m³DaxDax, 1 March: 18.3 µg/m³Dax, 2 March: 25.2 µg/m³Dax, 3 March: 36.3 µg/m³Dax, 4 March: 35.1 µg/m³, 3.6× its usual 9.8Dax, 5 March: 36.3 µg/m³, 3.7× its usual 9.9Dax, 6 March: 24.4 µg/m³Dax, 7 March: 19.8 µg/m³Dax, 8 March: 8.7 µg/m³Dax, 9 March: 5.0 µg/m³Dax, 10 March: 11.0 µg/m³Novo MestoNovo Mesto, 1 March: 34.3 µg/m³Novo Mesto, 2 March: 41.2 µg/m³Novo Mesto, 3 March: 46.5 µg/m³Novo Mesto, 4 March: 36.2 µg/m³, 2.0× its usual 17.7Novo Mesto, 5 March: 45.6 µg/m³Novo Mesto, 6 March: 41.1 µg/m³Novo Mesto, 7 March: 26.2 µg/m³Novo Mesto, 8 March: 11.6 µg/m³Novo Mesto, 9 March: 10.1 µg/m³Novo Mesto, 10 March: 27.9 µg/m³DurangoDurango, 1 March: 11.5 µg/m³Durango, 2 March: 23.0 µg/m³Durango, 3 March: 29.4 µg/m³Durango, 4 March: 28.8 µg/m³, 3.9× its usual 7.3Durango, 5 March: 27.6 µg/m³, 3.7× its usual 7.4Durango, 6 March: 36.0 µg/m³, 4.9× its usual 7.4Durango, 7 March: 14.1 µg/m³Durango, 8 March: 3.0 µg/m³Durango, 9 March: 5.6 µg/m³Durango, 10 March: 7.7 µg/m³La Roche-sur-YonLa Roche-sur-Yon, 1 March: 20.8 µg/m³La Roche-sur-Yon, 2 March: 34.6 µg/m³La Roche-sur-Yon, 3 March: 52.3 µg/m³La Roche-sur-Yon, 4 March: 35.8 µg/m³, 5.1× its usual 7.0La Roche-sur-Yon, 5 March: 16.8 µg/m³La Roche-sur-Yon, 6 March: 15.7 µg/m³La Roche-sur-Yon, 7 March: 14.7 µg/m³La Roche-sur-Yon, 8 March: 9.3 µg/m³La Roche-sur-Yon, 9 March: 15.2 µg/m³La Roche-sur-Yon, 10 March: 13.0 µg/m³FreiburgFreiburg, 1 March: 24.1 µg/m³Freiburg, 2 March: 32.3 µg/m³Freiburg, 3 March: 39.7 µg/m³Freiburg, 4 March: 35.6 µg/m³, 4.6× its usual 7.7Freiburg, 5 March: 20.4 µg/m³Freiburg, 6 March: 16.2 µg/m³Freiburg, 7 March: 16.4 µg/m³Freiburg, 8 March: 8.0 µg/m³Freiburg, 9 March: 2.9 µg/m³Freiburg, 10 March: 1.9 µg/m³KranjKranj, 1 March: 34.0 µg/m³Kranj, 2 March: 35.2 µg/m³Kranj, 3 March: 40.5 µg/m³Kranj, 4 March: 34.9 µg/m³, 2.1× its usual 16.4Kranj, 5 March: 32.6 µg/m³Kranj, 6 March: 36.8 µg/m³Kranj, 7 March: 27.4 µg/m³Kranj, 8 March: 23.2 µg/m³Kranj, 9 March: 19.5 µg/m³Kranj, 10 March: 18.7 µg/m³Aix-en-ProvenceAix-en-Provence, 1 March: 26.0 µg/m³Aix-en-Provence, 2 March: 27.9 µg/m³Aix-en-Provence, 3 March: 27.8 µg/m³Aix-en-Provence, 4 March: 34.5 µg/m³, 4.5× its usual 7.7Aix-en-Provence, 5 March: 33.2 µg/m³, 4.4× its usual 7.6Aix-en-Provence, 6 March: 26.3 µg/m³, 3.5× its usual 7.5Aix-en-Provence, 7 March: 24.6 µg/m³Aix-en-Provence, 8 March: 16.9 µg/m³Aix-en-Provence, 9 March: 12.2 µg/m³Aix-en-Provence, 10 March: 7.1 µg/m³LyonLyon, 1 March: 24.3 µg/m³Lyon, 2 March: 31.1 µg/m³Lyon, 3 March: 33.5 µg/m³Lyon, 4 March: 34.4 µg/m³, 3.4× its usual 10.1Lyon, 5 March: 27.4 µg/m³, 2.7× its usual 10.1Lyon, 6 March: 23.9 µg/m³Lyon, 7 March: 22.6 µg/m³Lyon, 8 March: 15.6 µg/m³Lyon, 9 March: 8.9 µg/m³Lyon, 10 March: 4.4 µg/m³LörrachLörrach, 1 March: 24.0 µg/m³Lörrach, 2 March: 32.3 µg/m³Lörrach, 3 March: 45.3 µg/m³Lörrach, 4 March: 34.3 µg/m³, 3.8× its usual 9.0Lörrach, 5 March: 23.6 µg/m³Lörrach, 6 March: 11.9 µg/m³Lörrach, 7 March: 13.3 µg/m³Lörrach, 8 March: 8.1 µg/m³Lörrach, 9 March: 2.4 µg/m³Lörrach, 10 March: 2.3 µg/m³BaselBasel, 1 March: 24.0 µg/m³Basel, 2 March: 32.3 µg/m³Basel, 3 March: 45.3 µg/m³Basel, 4 March: 34.3 µg/m³, 3.7× its usual 9.2Basel, 5 March: 23.6 µg/m³Basel, 6 March: 11.9 µg/m³Basel, 7 March: 13.3 µg/m³Basel, 8 March: 8.1 µg/m³Basel, 9 March: 2.4 µg/m³Basel, 10 March: 2.3 µg/m³ÉpinalÉpinal, 1 March: 21.7 µg/m³Épinal, 2 March: 31.1 µg/m³Épinal, 3 March: 35.5 µg/m³Épinal, 4 March: 34.3 µg/m³, 3.7× its usual 9.2Épinal, 5 March: 27.1 µg/m³, 2.9× its usual 9.2Épinal, 6 March: 16.5 µg/m³Épinal, 7 March: 12.0 µg/m³Épinal, 8 March: 7.1 µg/m³Épinal, 9 March: 3.3 µg/m³Épinal, 10 March: 2.3 µg/m³ArlesArles, 1 March: 22.8 µg/m³Arles, 2 March: 28.7 µg/m³Arles, 3 March: 33.8 µg/m³Arles, 4 March: 34.1 µg/m³, 3.3× its usual 10.2Arles, 5 March: 28.7 µg/m³, 2.8× its usual 10.3Arles, 6 March: 25.1 µg/m³, 2.4× its usual 10.6Arles, 7 March: 24.4 µg/m³Arles, 8 March: 23.1 µg/m³Arles, 9 March: 22.1 µg/m³Arles, 10 March: 6.0 µg/m³Lons-le-SaunierLons-le-Saunier, 1 March: 23.9 µg/m³Lons-le-Saunier, 2 March: 29.2 µg/m³Lons-le-Saunier, 3 March: 37.8 µg/m³Lons-le-Saunier, 4 March: 34.0 µg/m³, 6.8× its usual 5.0Lons-le-Saunier, 5 March: 28.6 µg/m³, 5.7× its usual 5.0Lons-le-Saunier, 6 March: 14.8 µg/m³Lons-le-Saunier, 7 March: 13.6 µg/m³Lons-le-Saunier, 8 March: 6.7 µg/m³Lons-le-Saunier, 9 March: 4.1 µg/m³Lons-le-Saunier, 10 March: 4.4 µg/m³BesançonBesançon, 1 March: 21.9 µg/m³Besançon, 2 March: 32.8 µg/m³Besançon, 3 March: 41.2 µg/m³Besançon, 4 March: 34.0 µg/m³, 4.6× its usual 7.4Besançon, 5 March: 24.7 µg/m³Besançon, 6 March: 15.5 µg/m³Besançon, 7 March: 14.2 µg/m³Besançon, 8 March: 8.1 µg/m³Besançon, 9 March: 2.0 µg/m³Besançon, 10 March: 3.1 µg/m³VitrollesVitrolles, 1 March: 24.5 µg/m³Vitrolles, 2 March: 30.6 µg/m³Vitrolles, 3 March: 32.7 µg/m³Vitrolles, 4 March: 31.8 µg/m³, 3.2× its usual 9.8Vitrolles, 5 March: 33.9 µg/m³, 3.5× its usual 9.8Vitrolles, 6 March: 31.5 µg/m³, 3.3× its usual 9.5Vitrolles, 7 March: 31.9 µg/m³, 3.4× its usual 9.5Vitrolles, 8 March: 26.0 µg/m³Vitrolles, 9 March: 18.6 µg/m³Vitrolles, 10 March: 8.0 µg/m³AvignonAvignon, 1 March: 21.3 µg/m³Avignon, 2 March: 26.6 µg/m³Avignon, 3 March: 31.3 µg/m³Avignon, 4 March: 33.5 µg/m³, 3.3× its usual 10.3Avignon, 5 March: 27.8 µg/m³, 2.7× its usual 10.4Avignon, 6 March: 27.3 µg/m³, 2.6× its usual 10.4Avignon, 7 March: 27.4 µg/m³, 2.7× its usual 10.3Avignon, 8 March: 26.4 µg/m³Avignon, 9 March: 27.4 µg/m³Avignon, 10 March: 7.6 µg/m³Chalon-sur-SaôneChalon-sur-Saône, 1 March: 21.4 µg/m³Chalon-sur-Saône, 2 March: 32.2 µg/m³Chalon-sur-Saône, 3 March: 36.8 µg/m³Chalon-sur-Saône, 4 March: 33.1 µg/m³, 4.5× its usual 7.4Chalon-sur-Saône, 5 March: 16.6 µg/m³Chalon-sur-Saône, 6 March: 14.6 µg/m³Chalon-sur-Saône, 7 March: 15.8 µg/m³Chalon-sur-Saône, 8 March: 12.5 µg/m³Chalon-sur-Saône, 9 March: 5.7 µg/m³Chalon-sur-Saône, 10 March: 5.8 µg/m³Saint-DizierSaint-Dizier, 1 March: 22.1 µg/m³Saint-Dizier, 2 March: 28.8 µg/m³Saint-Dizier, 3 March: 37.0 µg/m³Saint-Dizier, 4 March: 33.1 µg/m³, 4.0× its usual 8.3Saint-Dizier, 5 March: 11.1 µg/m³Saint-Dizier, 6 March: 19.5 µg/m³Saint-Dizier, 7 March: 12.6 µg/m³Saint-Dizier, 8 March: 6.1 µg/m³Saint-Dizier, 9 March: 5.1 µg/m³Saint-Dizier, 10 March: 3.6 µg/m³GardanneGardanne, 1 March: 25.0 µg/m³Gardanne, 2 March: 29.2 µg/m³Gardanne, 3 March: 31.2 µg/m³Gardanne, 4 March: 30.4 µg/m³, 2.8× its usual 10.9Gardanne, 5 March: 32.9 µg/m³, 3.0× its usual 11.0Gardanne, 6 March: 27.6 µg/m³, 2.6× its usual 10.8Gardanne, 7 March: 26.7 µg/m³, 2.5× its usual 10.7Gardanne, 8 March: 23.3 µg/m³Gardanne, 9 March: 16.9 µg/m³Gardanne, 10 March: 8.3 µg/m³MontbéliardMontbéliard, 1 March: 20.7 µg/m³Montbéliard, 2 March: 29.7 µg/m³Montbéliard, 3 March: 43.2 µg/m³Montbéliard, 4 March: 32.8 µg/m³, 2.7× its usual 12.3Montbéliard, 5 March: 26.0 µg/m³, 2.1× its usual 12.2Montbéliard, 6 March: 16.5 µg/m³Montbéliard, 7 March: 11.0 µg/m³Montbéliard, 8 March: 13.3 µg/m³Montbéliard, 9 March: no readingMontbéliard, 10 March: no reading1 Mar2345678910
The 60 cities with the highest readings of 121, in the order the episode reached them, 3 days before to 3 after. Each square is a day, coloured by that day's PM2.5; outlined: at twice the city's usual or more.
Good0–50
Moderate51–100
Sensitive groups101–150
Unhealthy151–200
Very unhealthy201–300
Hazardous301+

Every city it reached

CityDaysHighestUsualAbove usual
La RochelleNew Aquitaine, France1 38.54 March5.66.9×
Lons-le-SaunierBourgogne-Franche-Comté, France2 34.04 March5.06.8×
MontluçonAuvergne-Rhône-Alpes, France3 45.44 March6.96.6×
Clermont-FerrandAuvergne-Rhône-Alpes, France3 43.24 March6.56.6×
Saint-ChamondAuvergne-Rhône-Alpes, France3 40.84 March6.26.6×
AlbertvilleAuvergne-Rhône-Alpes, France3 48.34 March7.46.5×
AngoulêmeNew Aquitaine, France3 42.54 March6.66.4×
ChambéryAuvergne-Rhône-Alpes, France3 49.04 March7.86.3×
NiortNew Aquitaine, France1 45.54 March7.46.1×
BordeauxNew Aquitaine, France4 50.94 March8.75.9×
MarmandeNew Aquitaine, France3 37.84 March6.45.9×
Bourg-en-BresseAuvergne-Rhône-Alpes, France3 47.24 March8.15.8×
ToulouseOccitanie, France4 42.94 March7.45.8×
MontaubanOccitanie, France4 41.34 March7.15.8×
PauNew Aquitaine, France3 39.34 March6.95.7×
Saint-ÉtienneAuvergne-Rhône-Alpes, France3 43.84 March7.95.5×
LormontNew Aquitaine, France2 42.24 March7.75.5×
Donostia / San SebastiánBasque Country, Spain3 31.44 March5.75.5×
RodezOccitanie, France3 30.64 March5.75.4×
LourdesOccitanie, France2 30.54 March5.65.4×
AnnemasseAuvergne-Rhône-Alpes, France3 46.44 March8.85.3×
LimogesNew Aquitaine, France3 41.54 March7.85.3×
AurillacAuvergne-Rhône-Alpes, France1 26.54 March4.55.3×
HernaniBasque Country, Spain3 37.25 March7.35.1×
VesoulBourgogne-Franche-Comté, France2 36.64 March7.25.1×
La Roche-sur-YonPays de la Loire, France1 35.84 March7.05.1×
MeylanAuvergne-Rhône-Alpes, France3 50.04 March10.15.0×
ChâteaurouxCentre-Val de Loire, France2 39.24 March7.95.0×
GetxoBasque Country, Spain1 29.36 March5.95.0×
GrenobleAuvergne-Rhône-Alpes, France3 47.14 March9.64.9×
ValenceAuvergne-Rhône-Alpes, France4 44.84 March9.14.9×
DurangoBasque Country, Spain3 36.06 March7.44.9×
PoitiersNew Aquitaine, France1 37.44 March7.94.7×
PérigueuxNew Aquitaine, France2 37.14 March7.94.7×
MâconBourgogne-Franche-Comté, France1 29.64 March6.34.7×
AngletNew Aquitaine, France1 26.64 March5.74.7×
TarbesOccitanie, France3 40.64 March8.84.6×
MoulinsAuvergne-Rhône-Alpes, France3 40.44 March8.74.6×
FreiburgBaden-Wurttemberg, Germany1 35.64 March7.74.6×
BesançonBourgogne-Franche-Comté, France1 34.04 March7.44.6×
BourgesCentre-Val de Loire, France1 37.54 March8.34.5×
Aix-en-ProvenceProvence-Alpes-Côte d'Azur, France3 34.54 March7.74.5×
Chalon-sur-SaôneBourgogne-Franche-Comté, France1 33.14 March7.44.5×
BilbaoBasque Country, Spain3 30.16 March6.84.4×
DijonBourgogne-Franche-Comté, France1 27.04 March6.14.4×
Romans-sur-IsèreAuvergne-Rhône-Alpes, France4 48.54 March11.44.3×
MeyzieuAuvergne-Rhône-Alpes, France3 42.94 March9.94.3×
Villefranche-sur-SaôneAuvergne-Rhône-Alpes, France2 40.04 March9.24.3×
Salon-de-ProvenceProvence-Alpes-Côte d'Azur, France4 32.85 March7.64.3×
Laudio / LlodioBasque Country, Spain3 30.86 March7.14.3×
MarignaneProvence-Alpes-Côte d'Azur, France3 37.34 March8.94.2×
Saint-DizierGrand Est, France1 33.14 March8.34.0×
Montceau-les-MinesBourgogne-Franche-Comté, France1 29.14 March7.24.0×
OlivetCentre-Val de Loire, France1 27.64 March6.94.0×
LindauBavaria, Germany2 38.84 March9.93.9×
OriaBasque Country, Spain2 31.75 March8.13.9×
KreuzlingenThurgau, Switzerland1 39.14 March10.23.8×
KonstanzBaden-Wurttemberg, Germany1 39.14 March10.23.8×
LörrachBaden-Wurttemberg, Germany1 34.34 March9.03.8×
MarseilleProvence-Alpes-Côte d'Azur, France4 31.95 March8.53.8×
GivorsAuvergne-Rhône-Alpes, France1 27.57 March7.33.8×
BloisCentre-Val de Loire, France1 27.04 March7.13.8×
FriedrichshafenBaden-Wurttemberg, Germany1 40.34 March11.03.7×
DaxNew Aquitaine, France2 36.35 March9.93.7×
BaselBasel-City, Switzerland1 34.34 March9.23.7×
ÉpinalGrand Est, France2 34.34 March9.23.7×
MüllheimBaden-Wurttemberg, Germany1 31.54 March8.53.7×
AuxerreBourgogne-Franche-Comté, France1 30.94 March8.33.7×
Kempten (Allgäu)Bavaria, Germany2 30.94 March8.53.6×
AmorebietaBasque Country, Spain3 30.06 March8.43.6×
VitrollesProvence-Alpes-Côte d'Azur, France4 33.95 March9.83.5×
LyonAuvergne-Rhône-Alpes, France2 34.44 March10.13.4×
VerdunGrand Est, France1 28.04 March8.23.4×
ForbachGrand Est, France1 26.44 March7.83.4×
AnnecyAuvergne-Rhône-Alpes, France3 40.54 March12.13.3×
ArlesProvence-Alpes-Côte d'Azur, France3 34.14 March10.23.3×
AvignonProvence-Alpes-Côte d'Azur, France4 33.54 March10.33.3×
Mont-de-MarsanNew Aquitaine, France2 26.14 March7.83.3×
GijónAsturias, Spain2 30.76 March9.73.2×
ManosqueProvence-Alpes-Côte d'Azur, France3 28.85 March9.03.2×
Joué-lès-ToursCentre-Val de Loire, France1 26.64 March8.43.2×
MontargisCentre-Val de Loire, France1 25.74 March8.13.2×
SallanchesAuvergne-Rhône-Alpes, France3 40.85 March13.03.1×
HaguenauGrand Est, France1 30.14 March9.63.1×
Eggenstein-LeopoldshafenBaden-Wurttemberg, Germany1 26.54 March8.53.1×
Fos-sur-MerProvence-Alpes-Côte d'Azur, France1 26.34 March8.63.1×
GardanneProvence-Alpes-Côte d'Azur, France4 32.95 March11.03.0×
MulhouseGrand Est, France2 32.54 March11.03.0×
OrléansCentre-Val de Loire, France2 30.44 March10.13.0×
ReutlingenBaden-Wurttemberg, Germany1 29.64 March10.03.0×
CannesProvence-Alpes-Côte d'Azur, France1 26.66 March8.93.0×
TrierRheinland-Pfalz, Germany1 29.94 March10.42.9×
TübingenBaden-Wurttemberg, Germany1 29.84 March10.32.9×
OviedoAsturias, Spain1 25.66 March9.22.8×
MelunÎle-de-France, France1 25.44 March9.02.8×
MontbéliardBourgogne-Franche-Comté, France2 32.84 March12.32.7×
StrasbourgGrand Est, France2 31.44 March11.82.7×
Neu-UlmBavaria, Germany1 28.94 March10.62.7×
Biberach an der RißBaden-Wurttemberg, Germany1 28.04 March10.42.7×
GapProvence-Alpes-Côte d'Azur, France1 27.24 March10.22.7×
MetzGrand Est, France1 26.74 March10.02.7×
MunichBavaria, Germany1 26.44 March9.72.7×
BihaćFederation of B&H, Bosnia and Herzegovina1 72.84 March27.82.6×
LunévilleGrand Est, France1 30.14 March11.62.6×
KarlsruheBaden-Wurttemberg, Germany1 27.44 March10.42.6×
KoblenzRheinland-Pfalz, Germany1 30.24 March11.92.5×
AugsburgBavaria, Germany1 27.14 March10.72.5×
UlmBaden-Wurttemberg, Germany1 28.74 March12.12.4×
NancyGrand Est, France1 28.44 March11.72.4×
IzegemFlanders, Belgium1 27.86 March11.72.4×
SpeyerRheinland-Pfalz, Germany1 31.34 March13.52.3×
NeuwiedRheinland-Pfalz, Germany1 29.64 March13.02.3×
MannheimBaden-Wurttemberg, Germany1 29.34 March13.02.3×
KehlBaden-Wurttemberg, Germany1 26.34 March11.22.3×
BurghausenBavaria, Germany1 25.84 March11.12.3×
VigoGalicia, Spain1 25.15 March11.02.3×
BensheimHesse, Germany1 25.14 March11.62.2×
KranjUrban Municipality of Kranj, Slovenia1 34.94 March16.42.1×
Ludwigshafen am RheinRheinland-Pfalz, Germany1 32.84 March15.32.1×
LampertheimHesse, Germany1 27.24 March12.72.1×
Novo MestoUrban Municipality of Novo Mesto, Slovenia1 36.24 March17.72.0×

Daily means in µg/m³, over the days each city counted in this episode. Highest: its highest of those days. Usual: the city's median for the time of year of that day (its days within 21 days of the date, every year, leaving out the week around it). Above usual: its highest day against that, with a usual under 5 µg/m³ taken as 5.

Against other episodes in France and Germany

Number 17 of 54 episodes in France and Germany since our records began, by cities reached.

Bars: cities reached; colour: the level of the episode's highest daily reading. All 54.

Use this page

SmogRank, Europe, March 2023: 121 cities with PM2.5 at twice their usual or more, 4 to 7 March 2023, smogrank.com/episodes/2023-03-europe (accessed 4 October 2026).

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You're welcome to reuse a single chart, image or figure with this citation and a link. Terms.

An episode is a run of days when many cities close to each other (four or more within 350 km on a day, 8 or more in all) each had a daily PM2.5 mean of at least 25 µg/m³ and at least 2 times their usual for that time of year. Found in our own measurements, not picked by hand. How we find episodes. Values are each city's daily mean of its own monitors; causes are the usual kinds for a pattern like this, not a confirmed source.