SmogRank / Episodes / Brazil

Southern Brazil, 4 to 5 July 2024

For 2 days, from 4 to 5 July 2024, 9 cities in Brazil had PM2.5 at least twice their usual for the time of year. The worst reading was Ferraz de Vasconcelos, São Paulo, Brazil: 44.0 µg/m³ on 5 July, about 2.3× its usual 19.3. Ended 5 July.

Few fires were detected near these cities on those days. Spreads like this usually come from still weather trapping smoke from heating, traffic and industry, or from dust.
Cities reached9in 1 country
Days24 to 5 July 2024
Worst day5 July8 cities counted
Furthest above usual3.5×Rio de Janeiro

Day by day

5 July 8 cities at twice their usual or more
São José dos CamposTaubatéPaulíniaGuaratinguetáLimeiraSantosRio ClaroRibeirão PretoDuque de CaxiasCongonhasIbiritéBelo HorizonteSão José do Rio PretoBarra LongaNova UniãoItabiraAraucáriaTimóteoCoronel FabricianoCuritibaPiracicabaBetimJundiaíSão PauloFerraz de VasconcelosCampinasItaquaquecetubaRio de Janeiro

No fire and smoke map for this day.

1 Jul2345678
Every measured city in the area, coloured by its PM2.5 that day; a dark ring marks a city at twice its usual or more. Bars: cities counted each day, coloured by their median level. Choose a day or press play; without JavaScript, the days link to that day's world ranking.
  • Fires, seenHeat NASA satellites detected that day; bigger and glowing means more detections in the area. Farm burning and other fires count too, not only wildfires.

Under the cities, for each UTC day: fires NASA satellites detected, smoke NOAA analysts traced and volcanic ash warnings for aircraft. They show what was in the air, not that it caused the readings. Mapped for 4 of the 8 days shown.

Fires: NASA FIRMS (VIIRS). Traced smoke: NOAA Hazard Mapping System. Volcanic ash: aviation ash warnings (SIGMETs) via NOAA's Aviation Weather Center.

How it spread

Ferraz de Vasconcel…Ferraz de Vasconcelos, 1 July: 12.7 µg/m³Ferraz de Vasconcelos, 2 July: 17.9 µg/m³Ferraz de Vasconcelos, 3 July: 23.6 µg/m³Ferraz de Vasconcelos, 4 July: 38.3 µg/m³, 2.0× its usual 18.7Ferraz de Vasconcelos, 5 July: 44.0 µg/m³, 2.3× its usual 19.3Ferraz de Vasconcelos, 6 July: 15.5 µg/m³Ferraz de Vasconcelos, 7 July: 21.1 µg/m³Ferraz de Vasconcelos, 8 July: 6.8 µg/m³São PauloSão Paulo, 1 July: 15.8 µg/m³São Paulo, 2 July: 20.9 µg/m³São Paulo, 3 July: 28.4 µg/m³São Paulo, 4 July: 38.1 µg/m³, 2.2× its usual 17.1São Paulo, 5 July: 38.6 µg/m³, 2.2× its usual 17.8São Paulo, 6 July: 12.2 µg/m³São Paulo, 7 July: 19.2 µg/m³São Paulo, 8 July: 7.7 µg/m³CampinasCampinas, 1 July: 16.0 µg/m³Campinas, 2 July: 19.2 µg/m³Campinas, 3 July: 26.0 µg/m³Campinas, 4 July: 35.8 µg/m³, 2.5× its usual 14.2Campinas, 5 July: 31.8 µg/m³, 2.2× its usual 14.5Campinas, 6 July: 25.9 µg/m³Campinas, 7 July: 22.8 µg/m³Campinas, 8 July: 18.2 µg/m³JundiaíJundiaí, 1 July: 15.5 µg/m³Jundiaí, 2 July: 17.9 µg/m³Jundiaí, 3 July: 23.1 µg/m³Jundiaí, 4 July: 33.5 µg/m³, 2.1× its usual 15.7Jundiaí, 5 July: 34.9 µg/m³, 2.2× its usual 15.8Jundiaí, 6 July: 19.6 µg/m³Jundiaí, 7 July: 19.3 µg/m³Jundiaí, 8 July: 12.2 µg/m³BetimBetim, 1 July: 21.4 µg/m³Betim, 2 July: 15.8 µg/m³Betim, 3 July: 21.8 µg/m³Betim, 4 July: 32.3 µg/m³, 2.2× its usual 14.4Betim, 5 July: 23.2 µg/m³Betim, 6 July: 23.4 µg/m³Betim, 7 July: 12.9 µg/m³Betim, 8 July: 15.9 µg/m³Rio de JaneiroRio de Janeiro, 1 July: 8.4 µg/m³Rio de Janeiro, 2 July: 12.4 µg/m³Rio de Janeiro, 3 July: 26.8 µg/m³Rio de Janeiro, 4 July: 25.1 µg/m³, 2.4× its usual 10.3Rio de Janeiro, 5 July: 37.7 µg/m³, 3.5× its usual 10.9Rio de Janeiro, 6 July: 23.7 µg/m³Rio de Janeiro, 7 July: 27.2 µg/m³Rio de Janeiro, 8 July: 6.8 µg/m³ItaquaquecetubaItaquaquecetuba, 1 July: 11.3 µg/m³Itaquaquecetuba, 2 July: 13.5 µg/m³Itaquaquecetuba, 3 July: 18.6 µg/m³Itaquaquecetuba, 4 July: 31.5 µg/m³Itaquaquecetuba, 5 July: 41.2 µg/m³, 2.5× its usual 16.7Itaquaquecetuba, 6 July: 23.0 µg/m³Itaquaquecetuba, 7 July: 20.0 µg/m³Itaquaquecetuba, 8 July: 8.5 µg/m³PiracicabaPiracicaba, 1 July: 16.0 µg/m³Piracicaba, 2 July: 16.5 µg/m³Piracicaba, 3 July: 21.9 µg/m³Piracicaba, 4 July: 26.2 µg/m³Piracicaba, 5 July: 30.2 µg/m³, 2.2× its usual 13.6Piracicaba, 6 July: 23.4 µg/m³Piracicaba, 7 July: 19.1 µg/m³Piracicaba, 8 July: 12.5 µg/m³CuritibaCuritiba, 1 July: 16.4 µg/m³Curitiba, 2 July: 36.8 µg/m³Curitiba, 3 July: 18.4 µg/m³Curitiba, 4 July: 20.6 µg/m³Curitiba, 5 July: 29.4 µg/m³, 2.1× its usual 14.2Curitiba, 6 July: 7.0 µg/m³Curitiba, 7 July: 8.6 µg/m³Curitiba, 8 July: 3.0 µg/m³1 Jul2345678
Every counted city, in the order the episode reached them, 3 days before to 3 after. Each square is a day, coloured by that day's PM2.5; outlined: at twice the city's usual or more.
Good0–50
Moderate51–100
Sensitive groups101–150
Unhealthy151–200
Very unhealthy201–300
Hazardous301+

Every city it reached

CityDaysHighestUsualAbove usual
Rio de JaneiroRio de Janeiro, Brazil2 37.75 July10.93.5×
ItaquaquecetubaSão Paulo, Brazil1 41.25 July16.72.5×
CampinasSão Paulo, Brazil2 35.84 July14.22.5×
Ferraz de VasconcelosSão Paulo, Brazil2 44.05 July19.32.3×
São PauloSão Paulo, Brazil2 38.65 July17.82.2×
JundiaíSão Paulo, Brazil2 34.95 July15.82.2×
BetimMinas Gerais, Brazil1 32.34 July14.42.2×
PiracicabaSão Paulo, Brazil1 30.25 July13.62.2×
CuritibaParaná, Brazil1 29.45 July14.22.1×

Daily means in µg/m³, over the days each city counted in this episode. Highest: its highest of those days. Usual: the city's median for the time of year of that day (its days within 21 days of the date, every year, leaving out the week around it). Above usual: its highest day against that, with a usual under 5 µg/m³ taken as 5.

Against other episodes in Brazil

Number 13 of 20 episodes in Brazil since our records began, by cities reached.

Bars: cities reached; colour: the level of the episode's highest daily reading. All 20.

Use this page

SmogRank, Southern Brazil, 4 to 5 July 2024: 9 cities with PM2.5 at twice their usual or more, 4 to 5 July 2024, smogrank.com/episodes/2024-07-04-southern-brazil (accessed 13 October 2026).

Download top 10 (PNG)

You're welcome to reuse a single chart, image or figure with this citation and a link. Terms.

An episode is a run of days when many cities close to each other (four or more within 350 km on a day, 8 or more in all) each had a daily PM2.5 mean of at least 25 µg/m³ and at least 2 times their usual for that time of year. Found in our own measurements, not picked by hand. How we find episodes. Values are each city's daily mean of its own monitors; causes are the usual kinds for a pattern like this, not a confirmed source. Fire detections from NASA FIRMS; smoke maps from NOAA HMS. Dust: contains modified Copernicus Atmosphere Monitoring Service information 2024. Neither the European Commission nor ECMWF is responsible for any use that may be made of the Copernicus information or data it contains.