SmogRank / Episodes / United States
Northern United States and Canada, May and June 2025
For 10 days, from 31 May to 9 June 2025, 247 cities in the United States and Canada had PM2.5 at least twice their usual for the time of year. The worst reading was Nepean, Ontario, Canada: 116.0 µg/m³ on 6 June, about 16× its usual 7.4. Ended 9 June.
Day by day
How it spread
Every city it reached
| City | Days | Highest | Above usual |
|---|---|---|---|
| DuluthMinnesota, United States | 2 | 96.03 June | 19× |
| Detroit LakesMinnesota, United States | 3 | 105.02 June | 18× |
| BlaineMinnesota, United States | 2 | 90.53 June | 17× |
| OttawaOntario, Canada | 3 | 89.66 June | 16× |
| SuperiorWisconsin, United States | 2 | 88.73 June | 16× |
| West FargoNorth Dakota, United States | 3 | 113.01 June | 16× |
| NepeanOntario, Canada | 5 | 116.06 June | 16× |
| Sept-ÎlesQuebec, Canada | 2 | 78.06 June | 16× |
| CloquetMinnesota, United States | 1 | 75.83 June | 15× |
| MankatoMinnesota, United States | 1 | 85.03 June | 15× |
| Saint MichaelMinnesota, United States | 1 | 81.23 June | 15× |
| BellevilleOntario, Canada | 3 | 79.56 June | 15× |
| OconomowocWisconsin, United States | 5 | 71.94 June | 14× |
| Labrador CityNewfoundland and Labrador, Canada | 1 | 71.06 June | 14× |
| MinneapolisMinnesota, United States | 2 | 90.23 June | 14× |
| ShakopeeMinnesota, United States | 1 | 84.23 June | 14× |
| Apple ValleyMinnesota, United States | 2 | 78.33 June | 14× |
| Saint PaulMinnesota, United States | 2 | 80.93 June | 13× |
| VirginiaMinnesota, United States | 3 | 65.73 June | 13× |
| BurnsvilleMinnesota, United States | 1 | 79.73 June | 13× |
| MarshallMinnesota, United States | 3 | 70.11 June | 13× |
| CornwallOntario, Canada | 4 | 70.36 June | 12× |
| PeterboroughOntario, Canada | 4 | 66.26 June | 12× |
| L'Ancienne-LoretteQuebec, Canada | 3 | 73.36 June | 12× |
| AltoonaWisconsin, United States | 2 | 63.23 June | 12× |
| Eau ClaireWisconsin, United States | 2 | 63.23 June | 12× |
| QuébecQuebec, Canada | 2 | 60.66 June | 11× |
| KingstonOntario, Canada | 3 | 59.56 June | 11× |
| DorvalQuebec, Canada | 4 | 68.96 June | 11× |
| Green BayWisconsin, United States | 2 | 60.84 June | 11× |
| ManisteeMichigan, United States | 3 | 55.04 June | 11× |
| AppletonWisconsin, United States | 2 | 59.04 June | 11× |
| MontréalQuebec, Canada | 3 | 68.16 June | 11× |
| SaguenayQuebec, Canada | 3 | 66.96 June | 11× |
| MiltonOntario, Canada | 4 | 62.86 June | 11× |
| Rivière-des-Prairies–Pointe-aux-TremblesQuebec, Canada | 2 | 60.66 June | 11× |
| SouthfieldMichigan, United States | 3 | 56.16 June | 11× |
| OakvilleOntario, Canada | 3 | 63.86 June | 11× |
| MississaugaOntario, Canada | 3 | 56.46 June | 10× |
| Sault Ste. MarieOntario, Canada | 4 | 54.57 June | 10× |
| GuelphOntario, Canada | 3 | 54.96 June | 10× |
| Saint CloudMinnesota, United States | 1 | 54.73 June | 9.9× |
| TorontoOntario, Canada | 4 | 67.96 June | 9.8× |
| BramptonOntario, Canada | 4 | 54.66 June | 9.8× |
| LincolnwoodIllinois, United States | 5 | 59.75 June | 9.6× |
| ShawiniganQuebec, Canada | 2 | 57.16 June | 9.5× |
| BécancourQuebec, Canada | 2 | 54.06 June | 9.5× |
| BrookingsSouth Dakota, United States | 3 | 60.41 June | 9.3× |
| BrainerdMinnesota, United States | 2 | 46.33 June | 9.3× |
| EdmundstonNew Brunswick, Canada | 2 | 46.37 June | 9.3× |
| EastpointeMichigan, United States | 3 | 52.66 June | 9.2× |
| LondonOntario, Canada | 3 | 63.46 June | 9.1× |
| Trois-RivièresQuebec, Canada | 2 | 56.36 June | 9.1× |
| SarniaOntario, Canada | 5 | 57.65 June | 9.0× |
| BrossardQuebec, Canada | 2 | 55.16 June | 9.0× |
| MadisonWisconsin, United States | 3 | 49.74 June | 9.0× |
| Rouyn-NorandaQuebec, Canada | 3 | 49.45 June | 9.0× |
| Elmwood ParkIllinois, United States | 5 | 70.65 June | 8.9× |
| RochesterMinnesota, United States | 3 | 61.93 June | 8.8× |
| Michigan CityIndiana, United States | 4 | 53.45 June | 8.8× |
| ElginIllinois, United States | 3 | 47.45 June | 8.8× |
| BarabooWisconsin, United States | 2 | 44.14 June | 8.8× |
| Cedar RapidsIowa, United States | 5 | 43.84 June | 8.8× |
| Presque IsleMaine, United States | 2 | 43.86 June | 8.8× |
| NewmarketOntario, Canada | 4 | 53.76 June | 8.7× |
| KitchenerOntario, Canada | 3 | 63.96 June | 8.6× |
| Port HuronMichigan, United States | 5 | 53.95 June | 8.6× |
| WaterdownOntario, Canada | 3 | 49.76 June | 8.6× |
| YpsilantiMichigan, United States | 4 | 56.06 June | 8.5× |
| AuroraIllinois, United States | 3 | 45.35 June | 8.5× |
| WarrenvilleIllinois, United States | 3 | 45.35 June | 8.5× |
| Saint-Jean-sur-RichelieuQuebec, Canada | 2 | 42.56 June | 8.5× |
| Sorel-TracyQuebec, Canada | 2 | 58.96 June | 8.4× |
| BrantfordOntario, Canada | 3 | 67.56 June | 8.3× |
| WindsorOntario, Canada | 4 | 61.36 June | 8.2× |
| WatertownSouth Dakota, United States | 2 | 61.21 June | 8.2× |
| Sioux FallsSouth Dakota, United States | 1 | 41.21 June | 8.2× |
| TomahWisconsin, United States | 3 | 42.24 June | 8.0× |
| DoltonIllinois, United States | 4 | 60.15 June | 7.9× |
| TaylorMichigan, United States | 3 | 53.66 June | 7.9× |
| Winthrop HarborIllinois, United States | 3 | 44.24 June | 7.9× |
| ZionIllinois, United States | 3 | 44.24 June | 7.9× |
| GranbyQuebec, Canada | 3 | 44.06 June | 7.9× |
| Des PlainesIllinois, United States | 5 | 55.55 June | 7.8× |
| ChicagoIllinois, United States | 4 | 58.45 June | 7.7× |
| HammondIndiana, United States | 5 | 58.35 June | 7.7× |
| Lincoln ParkMichigan, United States | 3 | 56.86 June | 7.6× |
| TecumsehMichigan, United States | 4 | 54.56 June | 7.6× |
| BraidwoodIllinois, United States | 3 | 46.55 June | 7.6× |
| RochesterNew York, United States | 2 | 45.87 June | 7.6× |
| ChathamOntario, Canada | 3 | 45.56 June | 7.6× |
| East ChicagoIndiana, United States | 3 | 54.45 June | 7.5× |
| Parry SoundOntario, Canada | 4 | 41.45 June | 7.5× |
| AllistonOntario, Canada | 4 | 37.36 June | 7.5× |
| MarquetteMichigan, United States | 1 | 36.94 June | 7.4× |
| Franklin ParkIllinois, United States | 4 | 59.55 June | 7.3× |
| Greater SudburyOntario, Canada | 3 | 43.57 June | 7.3× |
| HamiltonOntario, Canada | 3 | 59.16 June | 7.2× |
| New BaltimoreMichigan, United States | 3 | 46.35 June | 7.2× |
| SyracuseNew York, United States | 2 | 37.58 June | 7.2× |
| BridgeviewIllinois, United States | 4 | 53.35 June | 7.1× |
| Calumet CityIllinois, United States | 4 | 54.15 June | 7.0× |
| St. ThomasOntario, Canada | 3 | 47.66 June | 6.9× |
| NorthbrookIllinois, United States | 3 | 46.65 June | 6.8× |
| BloomingtonIllinois, United States | 3 | 42.45 June | 6.8× |
| North BayOntario, Canada | 2 | 36.27 June | 6.8× |
| SherbrookeQuebec, Canada | 1 | 34.07 June | 6.8× |
| Oak LawnIllinois, United States | 3 | 48.95 June | 6.7× |
| DrummondvilleQuebec, Canada | 2 | 38.96 June | 6.7× |
| DearbornMichigan, United States | 4 | 56.06 June | 6.6× |
| CaryIllinois, United States | 3 | 45.25 June | 6.6× |
| DetroitMichigan, United States | 3 | 55.06 June | 6.5× |
| LansingMichigan, United States | 3 | 43.95 June | 6.5× |
| NapervilleIllinois, United States | 3 | 50.35 June | 6.4× |
| JolietIllinois, United States | 3 | 47.95 June | 6.4× |
| GreendaleWisconsin, United States | 3 | 40.55 June | 6.4× |
| South MilwaukeeWisconsin, United States | 3 | 40.55 June | 6.4× |
| OregonOhio, United States | 5 | 49.26 June | 6.3× |
| Iowa CityIowa, United States | 5 | 40.54 June | 6.3× |
| LynnMassachusetts, United States | 1 | 33.98 June | 6.3× |
| HartfordVermont, United States | 1 | 31.58 June | 6.3× |
| HaverhillMassachusetts, United States | 1 | 31.48 June | 6.3× |
| AltoonaPennsylvania, United States | 2 | 34.68 June | 6.2× |
| QuincyMassachusetts, United States | 1 | 31.78 June | 6.2× |
| MilwaukeeWisconsin, United States | 4 | 45.65 June | 6.1× |
| MaumeeOhio, United States | 4 | 45.56 June | 6.1× |
| PerrysburgOhio, United States | 4 | 45.56 June | 6.1× |
| PortageIndiana, United States | 3 | 44.05 June | 6.1× |
| PeoriaIllinois, United States | 3 | 43.05 June | 6.1× |
| YoungstownOhio, United States | 1 | 42.97 June | 6.1× |
| HudsonvilleMichigan, United States | 3 | 40.45 June | 6.1× |
| JenisonMichigan, United States | 3 | 40.45 June | 6.1× |
| WaukeshaWisconsin, United States | 4 | 38.64 June | 6.1× |
| HermitagePennsylvania, United States | 1 | 37.67 June | 6.1× |
| KalamazooMichigan, United States | 4 | 47.46 June | 6.0× |
| Grand RapidsMichigan, United States | 3 | 45.45 June | 6.0× |
| St. CatharinesOntario, Canada | 3 | 39.06 June | 6.0× |
| LowellMassachusetts, United States | 1 | 33.58 June | 6.0× |
| UticaNew York, United States | 1 | 29.68 June | 5.9× |
| Beaver FallsPennsylvania, United States | 4 | 45.67 June | 5.8× |
| BostonMassachusetts, United States | 2 | 34.18 June | 5.8× |
| MolineIllinois, United States | 3 | 32.16 June | 5.8× |
| RutlandVermont, United States | 2 | 31.28 June | 5.8× |
| ToledoOhio, United States | 4 | 44.16 June | 5.7× |
| PortsmouthNew Hampshire, United States | 1 | 32.58 June | 5.7× |
| ChampaignIllinois, United States | 2 | 31.36 June | 5.7× |
| PierreSouth Dakota, United States | 1 | 28.331 May | 5.7× |
| FraminghamMassachusetts, United States | 2 | 28.38 June | 5.7× |
| WarrenOhio, United States | 1 | 46.77 June | 5.6× |
| GaryIndiana, United States | 3 | 46.05 June | 5.6× |
| PortsmouthOhio, United States | 2 | 40.64 June | 5.6× |
| WheelersburgOhio, United States | 2 | 40.64 June | 5.6× |
| DerryNew Hampshire, United States | 1 | 28.18 June | 5.6× |
| LondonderryNew Hampshire, United States | 1 | 28.18 June | 5.6× |
| PainesvilleOhio, United States | 2 | 33.07 June | 5.4× |
| RedfordMichigan, United States | 3 | 51.06 June | 5.3× |
| South BendIndiana, United States | 3 | 37.47 June | 5.3× |
| Warrensville HeightsOhio, United States | 1 | 33.57 June | 5.3× |
| AlbanyNew York, United States | 2 | 33.18 June | 5.3× |
| DavenportIowa, United States | 3 | 32.36 June | 5.3× |
| WeirtonWest Virginia, United States | 2 | 32.27 June | 5.3× |
| WorcesterMassachusetts, United States | 2 | 28.88 June | 5.3× |
| North ChicopeeMassachusetts, United States | 1 | 26.48 June | 5.3× |
| BrookfieldIllinois, United States | 1 | 34.05 June | 5.2× |
| PortlandMaine, United States | 2 | 29.88 June | 5.2× |
| GreenfieldMassachusetts, United States | 2 | 27.08 June | 5.2× |
| KeeneNew Hampshire, United States | 1 | 26.68 June | 5.2× |
| BarrieOntario, Canada | 4 | 38.06 June | 5.1× |
| AkronOhio, United States | 1 | 37.47 June | 5.1× |
| HollandMichigan, United States | 3 | 37.05 June | 5.1× |
| SpringfieldIllinois, United States | 2 | 36.46 June | 5.1× |
| Fort WayneIndiana, United States | 2 | 33.77 June | 5.1× |
| New BrightonPennsylvania, United States | 2 | 33.37 June | 5.1× |
| EriePennsylvania, United States | 2 | 32.87 June | 5.1× |
| BlairNebraska, United States | 2 | 27.51 June | 5.1× |
| North AdamsMassachusetts, United States | 1 | 27.28 June | 5.1× |
| GahannaOhio, United States | 3 | 26.57 June | 5.1× |
| New AlbanyOhio, United States | 3 | 26.57 June | 5.1× |
| MilfordMassachusetts, United States | 1 | 25.49 June | 5.1× |
| UxbridgeMassachusetts, United States | 1 | 25.49 June | 5.1× |
| CantonOhio, United States | 1 | 43.47 June | 5.0× |
| Wood RiverIllinois, United States | 1 | 30.67 June | 5.0× |
| State CollegePennsylvania, United States | 2 | 30.18 June | 5.0× |
| BenningtonVermont, United States | 1 | 25.28 June | 5.0× |
| WareMassachusetts, United States | 1 | 25.08 June | 5.0× |
| AberdeenSouth Dakota, United States | 1 | 25.08 June | 5.0× |
| Bay CityMichigan, United States | 3 | 34.25 June | 4.9× |
| TopekaKansas, United States | 1 | 33.04 June | 4.9× |
| RockfordIllinois, United States | 4 | 32.65 June | 4.9× |
| MedinaOhio, United States | 1 | 31.87 June | 4.9× |
| Upper AltonIllinois, United States | 1 | 31.57 June | 4.9× |
| MuncieIndiana, United States | 2 | 29.17 June | 4.9× |
| Cleveland HeightsOhio, United States | 1 | 28.27 June | 4.9× |
| FlatwoodsKentucky, United States | 1 | 34.44 June | 4.8× |
| OlatheKansas, United States | 1 | 32.14 June | 4.8× |
| HuntingtonWest Virginia, United States | 1 | 31.34 June | 4.8× |
| AugustaMaine, United States | 1 | 25.88 June | 4.8× |
| UniontownPennsylvania, United States | 1 | 25.65 June | 4.8× |
| LafayetteIndiana, United States | 1 | 32.27 June | 4.7× |
| JerseyvilleIllinois, United States | 1 | 29.87 June | 4.7× |
| ClintonIowa, United States | 3 | 29.66 June | 4.7× |
| WestervilleOhio, United States | 3 | 34.67 June | 4.6× |
| BuffaloNew York, United States | 2 | 34.48 June | 4.6× |
| LincolnNebraska, United States | 1 | 25.41 June | 4.6× |
| SavoyIllinois, United States | 1 | 27.86 June | 4.5× |
| ColumbusOhio, United States | 4 | 33.54 June | 4.4× |
| DecaturIllinois, United States | 2 | 31.66 June | 4.4× |
| Weirton HeightsWest Virginia, United States | 2 | 28.18 June | 4.4× |
| Natrona HeightsPennsylvania, United States | 2 | 26.28 June | 4.4× |
| WaterlooIowa, United States | 2 | 32.84 June | 4.3× |
| DerbyKansas, United States | 1 | 30.04 June | 4.3× |
| HaysvilleKansas, United States | 1 | 30.04 June | 4.3× |
| DublinOhio, United States | 3 | 29.77 June | 4.3× |
| OmahaNebraska, United States | 1 | 26.81 June | 4.3× |
| Columbia CityIndiana, United States | 3 | 29.66 June | 4.2× |
| Kansas CityKansas, United States | 1 | 30.14 June | 4.1× |
| WilkinsburgPennsylvania, United States | 1 | 28.95 June | 4.1× |
| MuscatineIowa, United States | 1 | 26.06 June | 4.1× |
| ColumbiaMissouri, United States | 1 | 25.98 June | 4.1× |
| SpringfieldMassachusetts, United States | 1 | 25.58 June | 4.1× |
| SteubenvilleOhio, United States | 4 | 33.57 June | 4.0× |
| PittsburghPennsylvania, United States | 3 | 30.08 June | 4.0× |
| AshlandKentucky, United States | 1 | 29.94 June | 4.0× |
| KokomoIndiana, United States | 1 | 27.97 June | 4.0× |
| AndersonIndiana, United States | 1 | 25.37 June | 4.0× |
| Des MoinesIowa, United States | 3 | 28.27 June | 3.9× |
| WyomingMichigan, United States | 3 | 38.25 June | 3.8× |
| WichitaKansas, United States | 1 | 29.24 June | 3.8× |
| LimaOhio, United States | 2 | 32.27 June | 3.7× |
| Kennedy TownshipPennsylvania, United States | 2 | 30.28 June | 3.7× |
| East Saint LouisIllinois, United States | 1 | 28.87 June | 3.6× |
| ScrantonPennsylvania, United States | 1 | 25.68 June | 3.6× |
| ClevelandOhio, United States | 4 | 31.97 June | 3.5× |
| WheelingWest Virginia, United States | 2 | 28.84 June | 3.5× |
| FlintMichigan, United States | 3 | 30.78 June | 3.4× |
| MoundsvilleWest Virginia, United States | 2 | 26.25 June | 3.4× |
| AnkenyIowa, United States | 2 | 26.37 June | 3.3× |
| DaytonOhio, United States | 1 | 26.24 June | 3.3× |
| SpringfieldOhio, United States | 2 | 26.07 June | 3.3× |
| ElkhartIndiana, United States | 1 | 25.26 June | 3.3× |
| Granite CityIllinois, United States | 1 | 28.37 June | 3.2× |
| CincinnatiOhio, United States | 1 | 25.34 June | 3.2× |
| LouisvilleKentucky, United States | 1 | 25.04 June | 3.2× |
| West MifflinPennsylvania, United States | 3 | 29.45 June | 3.1× |
| NorwoodOhio, United States | 1 | 26.44 June | 3.1× |
| MiddletownOhio, United States | 1 | 28.14 June | 3.0× |
| St. LouisMissouri, United States | 1 | 26.27 June | 2.6× |
Daily means in µg/m³, over the days each city counted in this episode. Highest: its highest of those days. Usual: the city's median for the time of year of that day (its days within 21 days of the date, every year, leaving out the week around it). Above usual: its highest day against that, with a usual under 5 µg/m³ taken as 5.
Against other episodes in the United States and Canada
Number 6 of 173 episodes in the United States and Canada since our records began, by cities reached.
- Eastern United States and Canada, June and July 2023343
- Northern United States and Canada, July 2026327
- United States and Canada, July 2023322
- Eastern United States and Canada, May and June 2023317
- North-eastern United States and Canada, 29 July to 9 August 2025292
- Northern United States and Canada, May and June 2025247
- United States and Canada, June 2023195
- North-western United States and Canada, August 2023176
- North-western United States and Canada, 4 to 22 August 2026151
- Northern United States and Canada, July 2025139
- Northern United States and Canada, June 2025134
- North-western United States and Canada, July and August 2026118
Bars: cities reached; colour: the level of the episode's highest daily reading. All 173.
Use this page
SmogRank, Northern United States and Canada, May and June 2025: 247 cities with PM2.5 at twice their usual or more, 31 May to 9 June 2025, smogrank.com/episodes/2025-05-northern-united-states-and-canada (accessed 5 October 2026).
You're welcome to reuse a single chart, image or figure with this citation and a link. Terms.
An episode is a run of days when many cities close to each other (four or more within 350 km on a day, 8 or more in all) each had a daily PM2.5 mean of at least 25 µg/m³ and at least 2 times their usual for that time of year. Found in our own measurements, not picked by hand. How we find episodes. Values are each city's daily mean of its own monitors; causes are the usual kinds for a pattern like this, not a confirmed source.