Eastern Europe, December 2025
For 6 days, from 16 to 21 December 2025, 118 cities in Poland, Romania, Hungary and 14 more countries had PM2.5 at least twice their usual for the time of year. The worst reading was Banja Luka, Srpska, Bosnia and Herzegovina: 298.0 µg/m³ on 18 December, about 5.5× its usual 54.2.
Day by day
How it spread
Every city it reached
| City | Days | Highest | Above usual |
|---|---|---|---|
| TravnikFederation of B&H, Bosnia and Herzegovina | 4 | 229.017 December | 6.8× |
| CraiovaDolj, Romania | 2 | 83.819 December | 5.5× |
| Banja LukaSrpska, Bosnia and Herzegovina | 3 | 298.018 December | 5.5× |
| ŻywiecSilesia, Poland | 5 | 125.021 December | 5.1× |
| SarajevoFederation of B&H, Bosnia and Herzegovina | 4 | 216.016 December | 4.9× |
| Jelenia GóraLower Silesia, Poland | 5 | 74.120 December | 4.9× |
| JarosławSubcarpathia, Poland | 5 | 69.119 December | 4.5× |
| KumanovoKumanovo, North Macedonia | 5 | 125.018 December | 4.5× |
| Gorzów WielkopolskiLubusz, Poland | 4 | 63.818 December | 4.3× |
| TarnówLesser Poland, Poland | 3 | 64.420 December | 4.3× |
| SofiaSofia-Capital, Bulgaria | 4 | 43.419 December | 4.1× |
| SuwałkiPodlasie, Poland | 1 | 35.617 December | 4.0× |
| KłodzkoLower Silesia, Poland | 2 | 69.521 December | 4.0× |
| Cluj-NapocaCluj County, Romania | 6 | 79.518 December | 4.0× |
| BelgradeCentral Serbia, Serbia | 4 | 109.018 December | 3.9× |
| DimitrovgradHaskovo, Bulgaria | 4 | 63.118 December | 3.8× |
| CalafatDolj, Romania | 2 | 51.719 December | 3.8× |
| MontbéliardBourgogne-Franche-Comté, France | 1 | 41.219 December | 3.7× |
| VoluntariIlfov, Romania | 2 | 60.919 December | 3.7× |
| PrzemyślSubcarpathia, Poland | 5 | 59.320 December | 3.6× |
| ZeitzSaxony-Anhalt, Germany | 1 | 26.121 December | 3.6× |
| BufteaIlfov, Romania | 2 | 53.319 December | 3.6× |
| NiskoSubcarpathia, Poland | 5 | 70.619 December | 3.5× |
| GostivarGostivar, North Macedonia | 3 | 121.018 December | 3.4× |
| NyíregyházaSzabolcs-Szatmár-Bereg, Hungary | 3 | 62.518 December | 3.4× |
| RuseRuse, Bulgaria | 1 | 54.419 December | 3.4× |
| JasłoSubcarpathia, Poland | 1 | 45.321 December | 3.4× |
| WrocławLower Silesia, Poland | 5 | 52.920 December | 3.4× |
| PljevljaPljevlja, Montenegro | 3 | 155.017 December | 3.4× |
| Popeşti-LeordeniIlfov, Romania | 2 | 47.619 December | 3.4× |
| IaşiIași County, Romania | 2 | 51.116 December | 3.3× |
| TrebišovKošice Region, Slovakia | 2 | 55.219 December | 3.3× |
| PodgoricaPodgorica, Montenegro | 5 | 119.016 December | 3.3× |
| GevgelijaGevgelija, North Macedonia | 1 | 72.923 December | 3.3× |
| Târgu MureşMureș County, Romania | 5 | 130.018 December | 3.3× |
| CodleaBrașov County, Romania | 2 | 95.917 December | 3.3× |
| GdyniaPomerania, Poland | 3 | 37.017 December | 3.2× |
| RzeszówSubcarpathia, Poland | 4 | 53.720 December | 3.2× |
| KrakówLesser Poland, Poland | 2 | 69.919 December | 3.2× |
| VarnaVarna, Bulgaria | 4 | 33.320 December | 3.2× |
| BucharestBucharest, Romania | 2 | 45.519 December | 3.2× |
| StrumicaStrumica, North Macedonia | 5 | 128.018 December | 3.1× |
| Vranov nad TopľouPrešov Region, Slovakia | 1 | 48.119 December | 3.1× |
| BardejovPrešov Region, Slovakia | 3 | 42.218 December | 3.0× |
| OhridOhrid, North Macedonia | 4 | 96.022 December | 3.0× |
| Bijelo PoljeBijelo Polje, Montenegro | 2 | 146.017 December | 3.0× |
| ŻaryLubusz, Poland | 3 | 38.221 December | 3.0× |
| KomárnoNitra Region, Slovakia | 1 | 44.619 December | 3.0× |
| Czechowice-DziedziceSilesia, Poland | 4 | 62.819 December | 2.9× |
| AnnemasseAuvergne-Rhône-Alpes, France | 1 | 33.317 December | 2.9× |
| SpeyerRheinland-Pfalz, Germany | 1 | 29.517 December | 2.9× |
| KaliszGreater Poland, Poland | 4 | 58.520 December | 2.9× |
| GdańskPomerania, Poland | 2 | 32.019 December | 2.9× |
| KošiceKošice Region, Slovakia | 4 | 49.618 December | 2.9× |
| BitolaBitola, North Macedonia | 3 | 117.020 December | 2.8× |
| SzegedCsongrád, Hungary | 4 | 41.419 December | 2.8× |
| SereďTrnava Region, Slovakia | 1 | 33.217 December | 2.8× |
| HaskovoHaskovo, Bulgaria | 1 | 54.918 December | 2.8× |
| KielceŚwiętokrzyskie, Poland | 1 | 55.019 December | 2.8× |
| AcharnésAttica, Greece | 1 | 39.819 December | 2.7× |
| VelesVeles, North Macedonia | 5 | 112.017 December | 2.7× |
| Bad KreuznachRheinland-Pfalz, Germany | 1 | 26.420 December | 2.7× |
| PoznańGreater Poland, Poland | 3 | 47.217 December | 2.7× |
| DunaújvárosFejér, Hungary | 1 | 38.319 December | 2.7× |
| BrzegOpole Voivodeship, Poland | 5 | 36.120 December | 2.7× |
| IlindenIlinden, North Macedonia | 4 | 96.918 December | 2.7× |
| KołobrzegWest Pomerania, Poland | 1 | 26.017 December | 2.7× |
| EłkWarmia-Masuria, Poland | 1 | 32.317 December | 2.6× |
| EsztergomKomárom-Esztergom, Hungary | 3 | 43.419 December | 2.6× |
| GyálPest County, Hungary | 3 | 38.919 December | 2.6× |
| StarachowiceŚwiętokrzyskie, Poland | 3 | 50.220 December | 2.6× |
| SkopjeGrad Skopje, North Macedonia | 4 | 131.019 December | 2.6× |
| PécsBaranya, Hungary | 3 | 39.417 December | 2.6× |
| PiraeusAttica, Greece | 1 | 34.419 December | 2.6× |
| BudapestBudapest, Hungary | 1 | 40.819 December | 2.6× |
| Hradec KrálovéHradec Králové Region, Czechia | 1 | 31.821 December | 2.5× |
| Bielsko-BialaSilesia, Poland | 1 | 57.821 December | 2.5× |
| BydgoszczKujawsko-Pomorskie, Poland | 1 | 35.319 December | 2.5× |
| TetovoTetovo, North Macedonia | 2 | 156.017 December | 2.5× |
| BihaćFederation of B&H, Bosnia and Herzegovina | 2 | 45.217 December | 2.5× |
| RadomskoŁódź Voivodeship, Poland | 3 | 47.018 December | 2.4× |
| LiepājaLiepaja, Latvia | 1 | 28.517 December | 2.4× |
| DębicaSubcarpathia, Poland | 3 | 47.718 December | 2.4× |
| MielecSubcarpathia, Poland | 4 | 38.920 December | 2.4× |
| DebrecenHajdú-Bihar, Hungary | 2 | 96.717 December | 2.4× |
| ZamośćLublin, Poland | 1 | 38.820 December | 2.4× |
| SzczecinWest Pomerania, Poland | 1 | 30.017 December | 2.4× |
| GyőrGyőr-Moson-Sopron, Hungary | 2 | 37.219 December | 2.4× |
| Skarżysko-KamiennaŚwiętokrzyskie, Poland | 3 | 66.716 December | 2.4× |
| PardubicePardubice Region, Czechia | 1 | 30.121 December | 2.4× |
| SevlievoGabrovo, Bulgaria | 2 | 42.618 December | 2.3× |
| DejCluj County, Romania | 1 | 82.417 December | 2.3× |
| AugustówPodlasie, Poland | 1 | 50.017 December | 2.3× |
| KutnoŁódź Voivodeship, Poland | 2 | 52.217 December | 2.3× |
| OpoleOpole Voivodeship, Poland | 2 | 55.521 December | 2.3× |
| KranjUrban Municipality of Kranj, Slovenia | 2 | 46.416 December | 2.3× |
| VeszprémVeszprém, Hungary | 1 | 25.418 December | 2.3× |
| Kędzierzyn-KoźleOpole Voivodeship, Poland | 1 | 42.821 December | 2.3× |
| BiałystokPodlasie, Poland | 1 | 35.218 December | 2.3× |
| PłockMazovia, Poland | 1 | 36.817 December | 2.2× |
| WłocławekKujawsko-Pomorskie, Poland | 2 | 49.220 December | 2.2× |
| BratislavaBratislava Region, Slovakia | 1 | 28.917 December | 2.2× |
| LjubljanaLjubljana, Slovenia | 2 | 39.317 December | 2.2× |
| ŁódźŁódź Voivodeship, Poland | 1 | 43.819 December | 2.2× |
| MiskolcBorsod-Abaúj-Zemplén, Hungary | 1 | 55.419 December | 2.2× |
| MalackyBratislava Region, Slovakia | 1 | 28.917 December | 2.2× |
| ToruńKujawsko-Pomorskie, Poland | 2 | 34.719 December | 2.2× |
| NitraNitra Region, Slovakia | 1 | 30.719 December | 2.1× |
| ŘíčanyCentral Bohemia, Czechia | 1 | 40.519 December | 2.1× |
| SenicaTrnava Region, Slovakia | 2 | 28.817 December | 2.1× |
| OlsztynWarmia-Masuria, Poland | 1 | 33.417 December | 2.1× |
| ŽideniceSouth Moravian, Czechia | 1 | 28.817 December | 2.1× |
| ZagrebZagreb, Croatia | 1 | 84.619 December | 2.1× |
| WarsawMazovia, Poland | 1 | 34.417 December | 2.0× |
| WinterthurZurich, Switzerland | 1 | 34.420 December | 2.0× |
| RadomMazovia, Poland | 2 | 41.516 December | 2.0× |
| ThessaloníkiCentral Macedonia, Greece | 1 | 55.819 December | 2.0× |
| ElblągWarmia-Masuria, Poland | 1 | 32.417 December | 2.0× |
Daily means in µg/m³. Usual: the city's median for this time of year (its days within 21 days of the date, every year, leaving out the week around it). Above usual: its highest day against that.
Against other episodes in Poland and Romania
Number 2 of 24 episodes in Poland and Romania since our records began, by cities reached.
- Eastern Europe, January 2025123
- Eastern Europe, December 2025118
- Eastern Europe, November 202571
- Eastern Europe, January 202670
- Poland and Germany, January 202659
- Eastern Europe, March 202356
- North-eastern Europe, December 202555
- Germany and Poland, February 202654
- Eastern Europe, September 202351
- Poland, April 202632
- Poland and Czechia, October 202525
- Poland and Germany, November 202519
Bars: cities reached; colour: the level of the episode's highest daily reading. All 24.
Use this page
SmogRank, Eastern Europe, December 2025: 118 cities with PM2.5 at twice their usual or more, 16 to 21 December 2025, smogrank.com/episodes/2025-12-eastern-europe (accessed 2 October 2026).
You're welcome to reuse a single chart, image or figure with this citation and a link. Terms.
An episode is a run of days when many cities close to each other (four or more within 350 km on a day, 8 or more in all) each had a daily PM2.5 mean of at least 25 µg/m³ and at least 2 times their usual for that time of year. Found in our own measurements, not picked by hand. How we find episodes. Values are each city's daily mean of its own monitors; causes are the usual kinds for a pattern like this, not a confirmed source.