Europe, 6 to 25 February 2023
For 20 days, from 6 to 25 February 2023, 608 cities in Germany, France, Poland and 24 more countries had PM2.5 at least twice their usual for the time of year. The worst reading was Banja Luka, Srpska, Bosnia and Herzegovina: 136.7 µg/m³ on 12 February, about 2.3× its usual 59.9.
Day by day
How it spread
Every city it reached
| City | Days | Highest | Above usual |
|---|---|---|---|
| Joué-lès-ToursCentre-Val de Loire, France | 6 | 78.610 February | 8.0× |
| TroyesGrand Est, France | 6 | 50.29 February | 8.0× |
| OlivetCentre-Val de Loire, France | 7 | 59.714 February | 7.9× |
| Lons-le-SaunierBourgogne-Franche-Comté, France | 4 | 47.312 February | 7.6× |
| OrléansCentre-Val de Loire, France | 7 | 72.710 February | 7.3× |
| MontargisCentre-Val de Loire, France | 4 | 50.510 February | 7.0× |
| FontainebleauÎle-de-France, France | 4 | 37.210 February | 6.8× |
| ToursCentre-Val de Loire, France | 6 | 57.310 February | 6.7× |
| Canvey IslandEngland, United Kingdom | 2 | 47.915 February | 6.7× |
| MeyzieuAuvergne-Rhône-Alpes, France | 8 | 65.713 February | 6.4× |
| MoulinsAuvergne-Rhône-Alpes, France | 7 | 58.58 February | 6.4× |
| Bourg-en-BresseAuvergne-Rhône-Alpes, France | 8 | 56.711 February | 6.4× |
| CanterburyEngland, United Kingdom | 2 | 38.815 February | 6.4× |
| AngersPays de la Loire, France | 7 | 49.39 February | 6.3× |
| ReadingEngland, United Kingdom | 2 | 38.715 February | 6.3× |
| DreuxCentre-Val de Loire, France | 5 | 46.214 February | 6.2× |
| Chalon-sur-SaôneBourgogne-Franche-Comté, France | 10 | 56.914 February | 6.1× |
| BordeauxNew Aquitaine, France | 6 | 55.512 February | 6.1× |
| AvellinoCampania, Italy | 7 | 55.423 February | 6.1× |
| ChartresCentre-Val de Loire, France | 7 | 51.314 February | 6.1× |
| RoeselareFlanders, Belgium | 9 | 61.515 February | 6.0× |
| La Roche-sur-YonPays de la Loire, France | 4 | 50.99 February | 6.0× |
| Saint-DizierGrand Est, France | 4 | 46.810 February | 6.0× |
| NewmarketEngland, United Kingdom | 2 | 35.015 February | 6.0× |
| EvergemFlanders, Belgium | 9 | 63.315 February | 5.9× |
| ParisÎle-de-France, France | 8 | 56.515 February | 5.9× |
| NiortNew Aquitaine, France | 5 | 42.410 February | 5.9× |
| ChâteaurouxCentre-Val de Loire, France | 8 | 53.010 February | 5.7× |
| BloisCentre-Val de Loire, France | 6 | 48.314 February | 5.7× |
| RambouilletÎle-de-France, France | 6 | 45.914 February | 5.7× |
| Montceau-les-MinesBourgogne-Franche-Comté, France | 8 | 42.514 February | 5.7× |
| PortsmouthEngland, United Kingdom | 2 | 38.415 February | 5.7× |
| ÉtampesÎle-de-France, France | 6 | 36.710 February | 5.7× |
| ValenceAuvergne-Rhône-Alpes, France | 8 | 58.412 February | 5.6× |
| RoubaixHauts-de-France, France | 10 | 54.215 February | 5.6× |
| SarcellesÎle-de-France, France | 7 | 46.710 February | 5.6× |
| CoburgBavaria, Germany | 4 | 46.311 February | 5.6× |
| NîmesOccitanie, France | 5 | 50.413 February | 5.5× |
| MonsWallonia, Belgium | 9 | 48.115 February | 5.5× |
| TournaiWallonia, Belgium | 8 | 45.015 February | 5.5× |
| HayesEngland, United Kingdom | 2 | 38.315 February | 5.5× |
| SouthamptonEngland, United Kingdom | 2 | 37.215 February | 5.5× |
| MontluçonAuvergne-Rhône-Alpes, France | 3 | 36.712 February | 5.5× |
| NamurWallonia, Belgium | 2 | 31.812 February | 5.5× |
| RužomberokŽilina Region, Slovakia | 10 | 117.310 February | 5.4× |
| RouenNormandy, France | 8 | 53.215 February | 5.4× |
| NantesPays de la Loire, France | 8 | 46.89 February | 5.4× |
| MalmöSkåne, Sweden | 1 | 40.416 February | 5.4× |
| ForbachGrand Est, France | 6 | 39.710 February | 5.4× |
| Clermont-FerrandAuvergne-Rhône-Alpes, France | 5 | 39.112 February | 5.4× |
| DomontÎle-de-France, France | 2 | 34.910 February | 5.4× |
| SeafordEngland, United Kingdom | 2 | 31.015 February | 5.4× |
| KrosnoSubcarpathia, Poland | 8 | 79.59 February | 5.3× |
| BolzanoTrentino-Alto Adige, Italy | 7 | 56.623 February | 5.3× |
| ArlesProvence-Alpes-Côte d'Azur, France | 5 | 56.112 February | 5.3× |
| BeauvaisHauts-de-France, France | 8 | 50.015 February | 5.3× |
| ÉvreuxNormandy, France | 5 | 43.114 February | 5.3× |
| Saint-BrieucBrittany, France | 1 | 30.78 February | 5.3× |
| BendorfRheinland-Pfalz, Germany | 1 | 27.510 February | 5.3× |
| Villefranche-sur-SaôneAuvergne-Rhône-Alpes, France | 9 | 54.513 February | 5.2× |
| GentFlanders, Belgium | 7 | 53.015 February | 5.2× |
| AlençonNormandy, France | 6 | 39.615 February | 5.2× |
| Flémalle-HauteWallonia, Belgium | 6 | 32.312 February | 5.2× |
| AndenneWallonia, Belgium | 3 | 32.310 February | 5.2× |
| MenenFlanders, Belgium | 9 | 53.615 February | 5.1× |
| MaldegemFlanders, Belgium | 7 | 51.315 February | 5.1× |
| FlensburgSchleswig-Holstein, Germany | 3 | 45.516 February | 5.1× |
| HaguenauGrand Est, France | 3 | 41.510 February | 5.1× |
| RennesBrittany, France | 6 | 40.79 February | 5.1× |
| Clacton-on-SeaEngland, United Kingdom | 2 | 36.715 February | 5.1× |
| DagenhamEngland, United Kingdom | 2 | 30.914 February | 5.1× |
| LyonAuvergne-Rhône-Alpes, France | 9 | 58.013 February | 5.0× |
| AvignonProvence-Alpes-Côte d'Azur, France | 9 | 56.013 February | 5.0× |
| DouaiHauts-de-France, France | 10 | 50.415 February | 5.0× |
| KortrijkFlanders, Belgium | 9 | 49.315 February | 5.0× |
| BourgesCentre-Val de Loire, France | 8 | 45.014 February | 5.0× |
| Salon-de-ProvenceProvence-Alpes-Côte d'Azur, France | 6 | 43.212 February | 5.0× |
| LormontNew Aquitaine, France | 5 | 43.112 February | 5.0× |
| Saint-ÉtienneAuvergne-Rhône-Alpes, France | 4 | 41.912 February | 5.0× |
| KoksijdeFlanders, Belgium | 6 | 41.815 February | 5.0× |
| PoitiersNew Aquitaine, France | 5 | 41.19 February | 5.0× |
| UstkaPomerania, Poland | 2 | 39.716 February | 5.0× |
| ÉpernayGrand Est, France | 6 | 39.315 February | 5.0× |
| AndoverEngland, United Kingdom | 2 | 26.014 February | 5.0× |
| BéthuneHauts-de-France, France | 5 | 47.415 February | 4.9× |
| CreilHauts-de-France, France | 7 | 41.510 February | 4.9× |
| Saint-NazairePays de la Loire, France | 6 | 39.59 February | 4.9× |
| AngoulêmeNew Aquitaine, France | 4 | 35.612 February | 4.9× |
| CaenNormandy, France | 4 | 31.59 February | 4.9× |
| AnconaThe Marches, Italy | 10 | 65.316 February | 4.8× |
| KoperUrban Municipality of Koper, Slovenia | 9 | 58.418 February | 4.8× |
| Fos-sur-MerProvence-Alpes-Côte d'Azur, France | 4 | 49.512 February | 4.8× |
| ValenciennesHauts-de-France, France | 7 | 46.715 February | 4.8× |
| BexleyEngland, United Kingdom | 2 | 38.015 February | 4.8× |
| CharleroiWallonia, Belgium | 5 | 37.315 February | 4.8× |
| DijonBourgogne-Franche-Comté, France | 6 | 35.414 February | 4.8× |
| Stoke-on-TrentEngland, United Kingdom | 2 | 33.415 February | 4.8× |
| RadomskoŁódź Voivodeship, Poland | 2 | 106.86 February | 4.7× |
| MartinŽilina Region, Slovakia | 7 | 90.310 February | 4.7× |
| MostarFederation of B&H, Bosnia and Herzegovina | 3 | 69.419 February | 4.7× |
| IzegemFlanders, Belgium | 10 | 57.215 February | 4.7× |
| BeverenFlanders, Belgium | 8 | 49.615 February | 4.7× |
| CoulommiersÎle-de-France, France | 6 | 47.410 February | 4.7× |
| The HagueSouth Holland, The Netherlands | 4 | 45.515 February | 4.7× |
| ZaventemFlanders, Belgium | 4 | 42.910 February | 4.7× |
| NottinghamEngland, United Kingdom | 2 | 42.015 February | 4.7× |
| Saint-QuentinHauts-de-France, France | 6 | 40.015 February | 4.7× |
| Le HavreNormandy, France | 6 | 39.314 February | 4.7× |
| BesançonBourgogne-Franche-Comté, France | 6 | 38.511 February | 4.7× |
| LisieuxNormandy, France | 5 | 37.214 February | 4.7× |
| SheffieldEngland, United Kingdom | 2 | 33.315 February | 4.7× |
| ChesterfieldEngland, United Kingdom | 2 | 33.115 February | 4.7× |
| LensHauts-de-France, France | 2 | 32.216 February | 4.7× |
| Royal Leamington SpaEngland, United Kingdom | 1 | 29.615 February | 4.7× |
| Liptovský Mikulᚎilina Region, Slovakia | 8 | 71.917 February | 4.6× |
| MarignaneProvence-Alpes-Côte d'Azur, France | 5 | 50.313 February | 4.6× |
| LochristiFlanders, Belgium | 7 | 48.915 February | 4.6× |
| WillebroekFlanders, Belgium | 7 | 46.015 February | 4.6× |
| LeedsEngland, United Kingdom | 2 | 44.015 February | 4.6× |
| Le MansPays de la Loire, France | 5 | 41.69 February | 4.6× |
| VerdunGrand Est, France | 7 | 39.910 February | 4.6× |
| LunelOccitanie, France | 4 | 39.112 February | 4.6× |
| Nocera InferioreCampania, Italy | 7 | 38.823 February | 4.6× |
| VesoulBourgogne-Franche-Comté, France | 4 | 38.010 February | 4.6× |
| DieppeNormandy, France | 4 | 37.915 February | 4.6× |
| Kingston upon HullEngland, United Kingdom | 2 | 36.715 February | 4.6× |
| NewportWales, United Kingdom | 2 | 30.214 February | 4.6× |
| Marche-en-FamenneWallonia, Belgium | 1 | 26.410 February | 4.6× |
| JasłoSubcarpathia, Poland | 6 | 76.79 February | 4.5× |
| AntwerpFlanders, Belgium | 7 | 49.315 February | 4.5× |
| BremerhavenBremen, Germany | 3 | 48.616 February | 4.5× |
| DunkirkHauts-de-France, France | 9 | 48.214 February | 4.5× |
| BredaNorth Brabant, The Netherlands | 4 | 38.515 February | 4.5× |
| NorwichEngland, United Kingdom | 2 | 36.315 February | 4.5× |
| HeerlenLimburg, The Netherlands | 2 | 31.012 February | 4.5× |
| IrlamEngland, United Kingdom | 2 | 26.314 February | 4.5× |
| OxfordEngland, United Kingdom | 1 | 26.315 February | 4.5× |
| BarnstapleEngland, United Kingdom | 1 | 25.515 February | 4.5× |
| PesaroThe Marches, Italy | 6 | 69.316 February | 4.4× |
| Romans-sur-IsèreAuvergne-Rhône-Alpes, France | 11 | 56.512 February | 4.4× |
| Sainte-Geneviève-des-BoisÎle-de-France, France | 10 | 56.214 February | 4.4× |
| MulhouseGrand Est, France | 7 | 48.811 February | 4.4× |
| NurembergBavaria, Germany | 3 | 47.210 February | 4.4× |
| LilleHauts-de-France, France | 1 | 45.914 February | 4.4× |
| MontaubanOccitanie, France | 4 | 42.912 February | 4.4× |
| BrusselsBrussels Capital, Belgium | 5 | 37.515 February | 4.4× |
| GothenburgVästra Götaland, Sweden | 1 | 27.716 February | 4.4× |
| San Felice A CancelloCampania, Italy | 7 | 55.716 February | 4.3× |
| KapellenFlanders, Belgium | 8 | 46.615 February | 4.3× |
| RotterdamSouth Holland, The Netherlands | 4 | 45.115 February | 4.3× |
| AarschotFlanders, Belgium | 6 | 39.910 February | 4.3× |
| SuhlThuringia, Germany | 2 | 35.311 February | 4.3× |
| La RochelleNew Aquitaine, France | 3 | 34.59 February | 4.3× |
| YorkEngland, United Kingdom | 2 | 30.315 February | 4.3× |
| MeiningenThuringia, Germany | 2 | 30.111 February | 4.3× |
| LiverpoolEngland, United Kingdom | 2 | 28.715 February | 4.3× |
| WarringtonEngland, United Kingdom | 1 | 27.714 February | 4.3× |
| EupenWallonia, Belgium | 1 | 25.510 February | 4.3× |
| TřinecMoravian-Silesian Region, Czechia | 4 | 69.48 February | 4.2× |
| ŻaryLubusz, Poland | 3 | 54.37 February | 4.2× |
| StrasbourgGrand Est, France | 5 | 48.110 February | 4.2× |
| MelunÎle-de-France, France | 7 | 42.015 February | 4.2× |
| KielSchleswig-Holstein, Germany | 4 | 40.116 February | 4.2× |
| BrindisiApulia, Italy | 6 | 38.217 February | 4.2× |
| KaiserslauternRheinland-Pfalz, Germany | 2 | 36.410 February | 4.2× |
| AostaAosta Valley, Italy | 4 | 36.222 February | 4.2× |
| WiganEngland, United Kingdom | 2 | 32.515 February | 4.2× |
| FreiburgBaden-Wurttemberg, Germany | 2 | 30.610 February | 4.2× |
| SpekeEngland, United Kingdom | 1 | 25.014 February | 4.2× |
| AnsbachBavaria, Germany | 4 | 44.810 February | 4.1× |
| ZwijndrechtFlanders, Belgium | 6 | 43.615 February | 4.1× |
| StabroekFlanders, Belgium | 6 | 43.415 February | 4.1× |
| Saint-ChamondAuvergne-Rhône-Alpes, France | 6 | 41.612 February | 4.1× |
| MechelenFlanders, Belgium | 4 | 39.510 February | 4.1× |
| MarseilleProvence-Alpes-Côte d'Azur, France | 5 | 39.213 February | 4.1× |
| LondonEngland, United Kingdom | 2 | 35.914 February | 4.1× |
| AuxerreBourgogne-Franche-Comté, France | 6 | 33.714 February | 4.1× |
| Saint-MaloBrittany, France | 2 | 32.28 February | 4.1× |
| CouëronPays de la Loire, France | 3 | 32.19 February | 4.1× |
| Spišská Nová VesKošice Region, Slovakia | 8 | 91.611 February | 4.0× |
| BohumínMoravian-Silesian Region, Czechia | 4 | 86.57 February | 4.0× |
| Wodzisław ŚląskiSilesia, Poland | 4 | 86.57 February | 4.0× |
| AthensAttica, Greece | 6 | 55.417 February | 4.0× |
| PassauBavaria, Germany | 4 | 44.811 February | 4.0× |
| BambergBavaria, Germany | 4 | 43.910 February | 4.0× |
| SaarbrückenSaarland, Germany | 4 | 39.210 February | 4.0× |
| AmiensHauts-de-France, France | 5 | 35.215 February | 4.0× |
| LüdenscheidNorth Rhine-Westphalia, Germany | 1 | 34.610 February | 4.0× |
| Eggenstein-LeopoldshafenBaden-Wurttemberg, Germany | 2 | 32.810 February | 4.0× |
| LiègeWallonia, Belgium | 5 | 31.312 February | 4.0× |
| Banská BystricaBanská Bystrica Region, Slovakia | 10 | 63.210 February | 3.9× |
| GivorsAuvergne-Rhône-Alpes, France | 8 | 49.313 February | 3.9× |
| AnnemasseAuvergne-Rhône-Alpes, France | 9 | 47.514 February | 3.9× |
| Kosovo PoljePristina, Kosovo | 3 | 47.316 February | 3.9× |
| RidderkerkSouth Holland, The Netherlands | 3 | 44.715 February | 3.9× |
| CalaisHauts-de-France, France | 5 | 42.18 February | 3.9× |
| KelheimBavaria, Germany | 3 | 41.810 February | 3.9× |
| GenkFlanders, Belgium | 5 | 41.010 February | 3.9× |
| TrierRheinland-Pfalz, Germany | 7 | 40.610 February | 3.9× |
| ItzehoeSchleswig-Holstein, Germany | 1 | 39.816 February | 3.9× |
| Aix-en-ProvenceProvence-Alpes-Côte d'Azur, France | 3 | 35.712 February | 3.9× |
| ErfurtThuringia, Germany | 2 | 35.18 February | 3.9× |
| LuceraApulia, Italy | 5 | 34.824 February | 3.9× |
| MetzGrand Est, France | 3 | 34.510 February | 3.9× |
| ManchesterEngland, United Kingdom | 2 | 33.315 February | 3.9× |
| BergheimNorth Rhine-Westphalia, Germany | 3 | 31.010 February | 3.9× |
| PrestonEngland, United Kingdom | 1 | 27.514 February | 3.9× |
| IaşiIași County, Romania | 3 | 67.910 February | 3.8× |
| TrenčínTrenčín Region, Slovakia | 5 | 64.911 February | 3.8× |
| IngolstadtBavaria, Germany | 5 | 52.910 February | 3.8× |
| MostÚstí nad Labem Region, Czechia | 6 | 50.38 February | 3.8× |
| VitrollesProvence-Alpes-Côte d'Azur, France | 7 | 48.712 February | 3.8× |
| MontbéliardBourgogne-Franche-Comté, France | 6 | 46.911 February | 3.8× |
| SpeyerRheinland-Pfalz, Germany | 4 | 45.810 February | 3.8× |
| DelmenhorstLower Saxony, Germany | 2 | 39.016 February | 3.8× |
| HouthalenFlanders, Belgium | 5 | 38.910 February | 3.8× |
| GraysEngland, United Kingdom | 2 | 34.614 February | 3.8× |
| ReimsGrand Est, France | 5 | 33.214 February | 3.8× |
| Český TěšínMoravian-Silesian Region, Czechia | 4 | 65.37 February | 3.7× |
| CieszynSilesia, Poland | 4 | 65.37 February | 3.7× |
| NitraNitra Region, Slovakia | 4 | 58.211 February | 3.7× |
| NeuwiedRheinland-Pfalz, Germany | 5 | 46.111 February | 3.7× |
| KadaňÚstí nad Labem Region, Czechia | 5 | 44.98 February | 3.7× |
| AmsterdamNorth Holland, The Netherlands | 4 | 42.115 February | 3.7× |
| VenloLimburg, The Netherlands | 6 | 40.010 February | 3.7× |
| NettetalNorth Rhine-Westphalia, Germany | 6 | 40.010 February | 3.7× |
| DillingenSaarland, Germany | 4 | 39.810 February | 3.7× |
| PurmerendNorth Holland, The Netherlands | 4 | 38.715 February | 3.7× |
| GrimbergenFlanders, Belgium | 4 | 38.010 February | 3.7× |
| WilhelmshavenLower Saxony, Germany | 2 | 37.516 February | 3.7× |
| RijekaPrimorje-Gorski Kotar, Croatia | 2 | 37.418 February | 3.7× |
| MolFlanders, Belgium | 4 | 36.910 February | 3.7× |
| HillegomSouth Holland, The Netherlands | 3 | 35.915 February | 3.7× |
| HasseltFlanders, Belgium | 4 | 35.612 February | 3.7× |
| BariApulia, Italy | 5 | 35.223 February | 3.7× |
| CannesProvence-Alpes-Côte d'Azur, France | 2 | 34.213 February | 3.7× |
| SokolovCarlsbad Region, Czechia | 3 | 32.110 February | 3.7× |
| AachenNorth Rhine-Westphalia, Germany | 3 | 31.312 February | 3.7× |
| PerpignanOccitanie, France | 1 | 28.312 February | 3.7× |
| MariglianoCampania, Italy | 7 | 90.717 February | 3.6× |
| BardejovPrešov Region, Slovakia | 4 | 68.711 February | 3.6× |
| LjubljanaLjubljana, Slovenia | 11 | 68.611 February | 3.6× |
| PraguePrague, Czechia | 3 | 43.88 February | 3.6× |
| BremenBremen, Germany | 2 | 41.016 February | 3.6× |
| PiraeusAttica, Greece | 3 | 40.516 February | 3.6× |
| SopotPomerania, Poland | 1 | 36.516 February | 3.6× |
| SalzgitterLower Saxony, Germany | 2 | 35.68 February | 3.6× |
| RixensartWallonia, Belgium | 6 | 35.210 February | 3.6× |
| SchwerteNorth Rhine-Westphalia, Germany | 4 | 33.810 February | 3.6× |
| MedemblikNorth Holland, The Netherlands | 2 | 33.715 February | 3.6× |
| AschaffenburgBavaria, Germany | 2 | 33.610 February | 3.6× |
| GroningenGroningen, The Netherlands | 2 | 32.716 February | 3.6× |
| FoggiaApulia, Italy | 3 | 32.216 February | 3.6× |
| TarantoApulia, Italy | 4 | 32.023 February | 3.6× |
| CardiffWales, United Kingdom | 2 | 31.714 February | 3.6× |
| Hansestadt SalzwedelSaxony-Anhalt, Germany | 1 | 30.38 February | 3.6× |
| LourdesOccitanie, France | 3 | 29.414 February | 3.6× |
| MüllheimBaden-Wurttemberg, Germany | 1 | 29.110 February | 3.6× |
| KrakówLesser Poland, Poland | 2 | 95.67 February | 3.5× |
| PrešovPrešov Region, Slovakia | 4 | 75.611 February | 3.5× |
| PartizánskeTrenčín Region, Slovakia | 4 | 56.111 February | 3.5× |
| OpavaMoravian-Silesian Region, Czechia | 5 | 50.57 February | 3.5× |
| AcharnésAttica, Greece | 7 | 48.216 February | 3.5× |
| SenecBratislava Region, Slovakia | 6 | 45.710 February | 3.5× |
| Velsen-ZuidNorth Holland, The Netherlands | 4 | 42.815 February | 3.5× |
| MagdeburgSaxony-Anhalt, Germany | 3 | 42.28 February | 3.5× |
| KladnoCentral Bohemia, Czechia | 4 | 42.18 February | 3.5× |
| Bitterfeld-WolfenSaxony-Anhalt, Germany | 4 | 39.58 February | 3.5× |
| MontpellierOccitanie, France | 4 | 38.912 February | 3.5× |
| OytenLower Saxony, Germany | 2 | 38.016 February | 3.5× |
| BensheimHesse, Germany | 3 | 37.910 February | 3.5× |
| Rüsselsheim am MainHesse, Germany | 5 | 36.410 February | 3.5× |
| ChambéryAuvergne-Rhône-Alpes, France | 8 | 36.112 February | 3.5× |
| KöthenSaxony-Anhalt, Germany | 3 | 34.98 February | 3.5× |
| UtrechtUtrecht, The Netherlands | 3 | 34.615 February | 3.5× |
| Cava Dè TirreniCampania, Italy | 3 | 33.923 February | 3.5× |
| CasertaCampania, Italy | 3 | 33.617 February | 3.5× |
| BaselBasel-City, Switzerland | 6 | 33.011 February | 3.5× |
| LörrachBaden-Wurttemberg, Germany | 6 | 33.011 February | 3.5× |
| GöttingenLower Saxony, Germany | 2 | 32.710 February | 3.5× |
| MâconBourgogne-Franche-Comté, France | 2 | 28.19 February | 3.5× |
| TrebišovKošice Region, Slovakia | 4 | 72.217 February | 3.4× |
| OstravaMoravian-Silesian Region, Czechia | 2 | 69.17 February | 3.4× |
| WawerMazovia, Poland | 4 | 63.66 February | 3.4× |
| Frýdek-MístekMoravian-Silesian Region, Czechia | 5 | 61.28 February | 3.4× |
| NysaOpole Voivodeship, Poland | 5 | 46.59 February | 3.4× |
| SninaPrešov Region, Slovakia | 3 | 42.917 February | 3.4× |
| San SeveroApulia, Italy | 5 | 40.724 February | 3.4× |
| LunévilleGrand Est, France | 4 | 39.610 February | 3.4× |
| WürzburgBavaria, Germany | 2 | 37.910 February | 3.4× |
| KehlBaden-Wurttemberg, Germany | 3 | 36.210 February | 3.4× |
| WeselNorth Rhine-Westphalia, Germany | 5 | 36.210 February | 3.4× |
| Lauda-KönigshofenBaden-Wurttemberg, Germany | 1 | 34.310 February | 3.4× |
| NancyGrand Est, France | 5 | 33.610 February | 3.4× |
| BarneveldGelderland, The Netherlands | 2 | 33.016 February | 3.4× |
| FuldaHesse, Germany | 2 | 32.910 February | 3.4× |
| MarmandeNew Aquitaine, France | 3 | 32.513 February | 3.4× |
| RatingenNorth Rhine-Westphalia, Germany | 3 | 32.310 February | 3.4× |
| DarmstadtHesse, Germany | 2 | 32.310 February | 3.4× |
| DenainHauts-de-France, France | 2 | 31.316 February | 3.4× |
| MonopoliApulia, Italy | 3 | 30.423 February | 3.4× |
| EnschedeOverijssel, The Netherlands | 4 | 29.516 February | 3.4× |
| HernaniBasque Country, Spain | 1 | 26.410 February | 3.4× |
| Baden-BadenBaden-Wurttemberg, Germany | 1 | 25.610 February | 3.4× |
| RacibórzSilesia, Poland | 2 | 87.77 February | 3.3× |
| KatowiceSilesia, Poland | 1 | 82.77 February | 3.3× |
| GjilanGjilan, Kosovo | 5 | 74.318 February | 3.3× |
| CodleaBrașov County, Romania | 4 | 73.810 February | 3.3× |
| RzeszówSubcarpathia, Poland | 3 | 72.67 February | 3.3× |
| LęborkPomerania, Poland | 2 | 67.516 February | 3.3× |
| Vranov nad TopľouPrešov Region, Slovakia | 3 | 64.811 February | 3.3× |
| KorçëKorçë County, Albania | 7 | 63.016 February | 3.3× |
| ŚwiecieKujawsko-Pomorskie, Poland | 5 | 52.516 February | 3.3× |
| Mladá BoleslavCentral Bohemia, Czechia | 7 | 49.116 February | 3.3× |
| ZaanstadNorth Holland, The Netherlands | 2 | 48.115 February | 3.3× |
| WeidenBavaria, Germany | 4 | 43.510 February | 3.3× |
| Ludwigshafen am RheinRheinland-Pfalz, Germany | 5 | 42.410 February | 3.3× |
| LiberecLiberec Region, Czechia | 6 | 40.416 February | 3.3× |
| Schwandorf in BayernBavaria, Germany | 2 | 38.510 February | 3.3× |
| Halle (Saale)Saxony-Anhalt, Germany | 3 | 37.98 February | 3.3× |
| Frankfurt am MainHesse, Germany | 3 | 35.610 February | 3.3× |
| BraunschweigLower Saxony, Germany | 2 | 35.28 February | 3.3× |
| StralsundMecklenburg-Vorpommern, Germany | 4 | 34.716 February | 3.3× |
| EschbornHesse, Germany | 4 | 34.610 February | 3.3× |
| MaassluisSouth Holland, The Netherlands | 2 | 34.422 February | 3.3× |
| LudwigsburgBaden-Wurttemberg, Germany | 4 | 31.810 February | 3.3× |
| WieslochBaden-Wurttemberg, Germany | 2 | 31.210 February | 3.3× |
| LübeckSchleswig-Holstein, Germany | 2 | 30.716 February | 3.3× |
| VannesBrittany, France | 2 | 30.29 February | 3.3× |
| HattersheimHesse, Germany | 2 | 30.010 February | 3.3× |
| Burg bei MagdeburgSaxony-Anhalt, Germany | 2 | 29.88 February | 3.3× |
| Esch-sur-AlzetteEsch-sur-Alzette, Luxembourg | 2 | 29.815 February | 3.3× |
| HattingenNorth Rhine-Westphalia, Germany | 2 | 29.110 February | 3.3× |
| ÉpinalGrand Est, France | 3 | 28.110 February | 3.3× |
| PérigueuxNew Aquitaine, France | 2 | 26.910 February | 3.3× |
| Jastrzębie ZdrójSilesia, Poland | 2 | 90.57 February | 3.2× |
| KošiceKošice Region, Slovakia | 4 | 68.811 February | 3.2× |
| Jelenia GóraLower Silesia, Poland | 5 | 63.08 February | 3.2× |
| Falconara MarittimaThe Marches, Italy | 4 | 52.916 February | 3.2× |
| SenicaTrnava Region, Slovakia | 7 | 46.416 February | 3.2× |
| GalatinaApulia, Italy | 6 | 42.618 February | 3.2× |
| MühlhausenThuringia, Germany | 4 | 42.48 February | 3.2× |
| HeilbronnBaden-Wurttemberg, Germany | 2 | 37.110 February | 3.2× |
| HagenNorth Rhine-Westphalia, Germany | 4 | 37.110 February | 3.2× |
| DrammenBuskerud, Norway | 1 | 36.616 February | 3.2× |
| EindhovenNorth Brabant, The Netherlands | 6 | 36.310 February | 3.2× |
| KreuzlingenThurgau, Switzerland | 5 | 34.911 February | 3.2× |
| KonstanzBaden-Wurttemberg, Germany | 5 | 34.911 February | 3.2× |
| DüsseldorfNorth Rhine-Westphalia, Germany | 5 | 34.010 February | 3.2× |
| GroßostheimBavaria, Germany | 3 | 33.010 February | 3.2× |
| WuppertalNorth Rhine-Westphalia, Germany | 3 | 32.210 February | 3.2× |
| KarlsruheBaden-Wurttemberg, Germany | 3 | 32.110 February | 3.2× |
| LuxembourgLuxembourg | 2 | 31.810 February | 3.2× |
| NijmegenGelderland, The Netherlands | 3 | 31.016 February | 3.2× |
| SalernoCampania, Italy | 1 | 30.523 February | 3.2× |
| VenrayLimburg, The Netherlands | 3 | 30.410 February | 3.2× |
| WarsteinNorth Rhine-Westphalia, Germany | 1 | 28.610 February | 3.2× |
| PrilepPrilep, North Macedonia | 7 | 86.316 February | 3.1× |
| HumennéPrešov Region, Slovakia | 3 | 66.911 February | 3.1× |
| PristinaPristina, Kosovo | 3 | 62.114 February | 3.1× |
| PátraWest Greece, Greece | 1 | 61.416 February | 3.1× |
| Valašské MeziříčíZlín, Czechia | 4 | 58.48 February | 3.1× |
| ThessaloníkiCentral Macedonia, Greece | 6 | 54.718 February | 3.1× |
| KochaniKochani, North Macedonia | 8 | 53.012 February | 3.1× |
| ZlínZlín, Czechia | 5 | 49.816 February | 3.1× |
| SereďTrnava Region, Slovakia | 4 | 45.211 February | 3.1× |
| BadhoevedorpNorth Holland, The Netherlands | 4 | 44.615 February | 3.1× |
| TrnavaTrnava Region, Slovakia | 3 | 43.911 February | 3.1× |
| WormsRheinland-Pfalz, Germany | 5 | 42.210 February | 3.1× |
| České BudějoviceSouth Bohemian Region, Czechia | 3 | 40.07 February | 3.1× |
| OldenburgLower Saxony, Germany | 3 | 38.216 February | 3.1× |
| MainzRheinland-Pfalz, Germany | 5 | 36.810 February | 3.1× |
| OberhausenNorth Rhine-Westphalia, Germany | 5 | 34.810 February | 3.1× |
| DuisburgNorth Rhine-Westphalia, Germany | 6 | 33.710 February | 3.1× |
| FilderstadtBaden-Wurttemberg, Germany | 4 | 33.310 February | 3.1× |
| JüchenNorth Rhine-Westphalia, Germany | 4 | 30.410 February | 3.1× |
| WittenbergeBrandenburg, Germany | 1 | 29.38 February | 3.1× |
| AlbertvilleAuvergne-Rhône-Alpes, France | 1 | 25.722 February | 3.1× |
| StrumicaStrumica, North Macedonia | 8 | 110.410 February | 3.0× |
| Bielsko-BialaSilesia, Poland | 4 | 90.07 February | 3.0× |
| GostivarGostivar, North Macedonia | 2 | 89.317 February | 3.0× |
| VoluntariIlfov, Romania | 7 | 65.417 February | 3.0× |
| Popeşti-LeordeniIlfov, Romania | 6 | 60.012 February | 3.0× |
| PejëPec, Kosovo | 2 | 57.416 February | 3.0× |
| PardubicePardubice Region, Czechia | 5 | 47.67 February | 3.0× |
| WaregemFlanders, Belgium | 8 | 41.116 February | 3.0× |
| BorkenNorth Rhine-Westphalia, Germany | 5 | 36.610 February | 3.0× |
| MannheimBaden-Wurttemberg, Germany | 5 | 36.410 February | 3.0× |
| LampertheimHesse, Germany | 6 | 35.210 February | 3.0× |
| AugsburgBavaria, Germany | 2 | 34.910 February | 3.0× |
| KasselHesse, Germany | 2 | 34.510 February | 3.0× |
| StuttgartBaden-Wurttemberg, Germany | 4 | 34.310 February | 3.0× |
| TarbesOccitanie, France | 5 | 34.311 February | 3.0× |
| FriedrichshafenBaden-Wurttemberg, Germany | 3 | 34.211 February | 3.0× |
| MarktredwitzBavaria, Germany | 3 | 34.110 February | 3.0× |
| NordhausenThuringia, Germany | 3 | 33.18 February | 3.0× |
| Marburg an der LahnHesse, Germany | 3 | 30.010 February | 3.0× |
| ReutlingenBaden-Wurttemberg, Germany | 3 | 29.510 February | 3.0× |
| Biberach an der RißBaden-Wurttemberg, Germany | 2 | 29.311 February | 3.0× |
| AalenBaden-Wurttemberg, Germany | 1 | 27.410 February | 3.0× |
Daily means in µg/m³, over the days each city counted in this episode. Highest: its highest of those days. Usual: the city's median for the time of year of that day (its days within 21 days of the date, every year, leaving out the week around it). Above usual: its highest day against that, with a usual under 5 µg/m³ taken as 5.
Against other episodes in Germany and France
The largest of 54 episodes in Germany and France since our records began, by cities reached.
- Europe, 6 to 25 February 2023608
- Europe, 14 February to 1 March 2025517
- Europe, 1 to 14 February 2025506
- Europe, January and February 2026502
- Germany, Poland and 25 more countries, March 2025463
- Europe, 8 to 27 January 2024449
- Europe, 1 to 12 March 2026444
- Germany, France and 18 more countries, January 2025381
- Europe, 18 to 25 March 2026362
- Europe, March 2025335
- Europe, 28 February to 4 March 2023279
- Europe, February and March 2024264
Bars: cities reached; colour: the level of the episode's highest daily reading. All 54.
Use this page
SmogRank, Europe, 6 to 25 February 2023: 608 cities with PM2.5 at twice their usual or more, 6 to 25 February 2023, smogrank.com/episodes/2023-02-06-europe (accessed 4 October 2026).
You're welcome to reuse a single chart, image or figure with this citation and a link. Terms.
An episode is a run of days when many cities close to each other (four or more within 350 km on a day, 8 or more in all) each had a daily PM2.5 mean of at least 25 µg/m³ and at least 2 times their usual for that time of year. Found in our own measurements, not picked by hand. How we find episodes. Values are each city's daily mean of its own monitors; causes are the usual kinds for a pattern like this, not a confirmed source.