Europe, 14 February to 1 March 2025
For 16 days, from 14 February to 1 March 2025, 517 cities in Germany, France, Poland and 25 more countries had PM2.5 at least twice their usual for the time of year. The worst reading was Krotoszyn, Greater Poland, Poland: 178.0 µg/m³ on 17 February, about 4.9× its usual 36.0.
Day by day
How it spread
Every city it reached
| City | Days | Highest | Above usual |
|---|---|---|---|
| KoperUrban Municipality of Koper, Slovenia | 4 | 87.224 February | 7.8× |
| DimitrovgradHaskovo, Bulgaria | 6 | 86.026 February | 7.0× |
| VantaaUusimaa, Finland | 1 | 36.324 February | 6.8× |
| KlaukkalaUusimaa, Finland | 1 | 33.424 February | 6.7× |
| HelsinkiUusimaa, Finland | 1 | 37.124 February | 6.6× |
| Saint HelierSt Helier, Jersey | 5 | 32.417 February | 6.5× |
| VisbyGotland, Sweden | 3 | 48.323 February | 6.4× |
| MyyrmäkiUusimaa, Finland | 1 | 37.124 February | 6.4× |
| LohjaUusimaa, Finland | 1 | 31.924 February | 6.4× |
| BirminghamEngland, United Kingdom | 6 | 49.319 February | 5.9× |
| RadomskoŁódź Voivodeship, Poland | 4 | 127.017 February | 5.6× |
| KadaňÚstí nad Labem Region, Czechia | 4 | 57.821 February | 5.6× |
| CodleaBrașov County, Romania | 4 | 98.524 February | 5.5× |
| HeerlenLimburg, The Netherlands | 1 | 37.514 February | 5.4× |
| LouviersNormandy, France | 5 | 35.714 February | 5.4× |
| ŻaryLubusz, Poland | 5 | 66.617 February | 5.3× |
| BotevgradSofia, Bulgaria | 6 | 100.428 February | 5.2× |
| Bourg-en-BresseAuvergne-Rhône-Alpes, France | 3 | 49.718 February | 5.2× |
| KalmarKalmar, Sweden | 3 | 39.222 February | 5.2× |
| PoriSatakunta, Finland | 1 | 30.723 February | 5.2× |
| MeyzieuAuvergne-Rhône-Alpes, France | 4 | 52.018 February | 5.1× |
| ZaventemFlanders, Belgium | 3 | 45.314 February | 5.1× |
| CreilHauts-de-France, France | 7 | 43.014 February | 5.1× |
| KristiansandAgder, Norway | 1 | 36.022 February | 5.1× |
| JülichNorth Rhine-Westphalia, Germany | 1 | 46.014 February | 5.0× |
| KoksijdeFlanders, Belgium | 4 | 38.414 February | 5.0× |
| AndenneWallonia, Belgium | 1 | 28.714 February | 5.0× |
| LahtiPaijat-Hame, Finland | 1 | 25.124 February | 5.0× |
| KrotoszynGreater Poland, Poland | 2 | 178.017 February | 4.9× |
| MaldegemFlanders, Belgium | 4 | 44.414 February | 4.9× |
| BéthuneHauts-de-France, France | 5 | 41.614 February | 4.9× |
| TumbaStockholm, Sweden | 3 | 32.522 February | 4.9× |
| SuwałkiPodlasie, Poland | 4 | 71.027 February | 4.8× |
| GabrovoGabrovo, Bulgaria | 7 | 63.728 February | 4.8× |
| LyonAuvergne-Rhône-Alpes, France | 5 | 52.618 February | 4.8× |
| RoeselareFlanders, Belgium | 6 | 47.714 February | 4.8× |
| BonnNorth Rhine-Westphalia, Germany | 2 | 44.514 February | 4.8× |
| DomontÎle-de-France, France | 2 | 31.314 February | 4.8× |
| ÉtampesÎle-de-France, France | 2 | 30.914 February | 4.8× |
| ElblągWarmia-Masuria, Poland | 5 | 79.527 February | 4.7× |
| KortrijkFlanders, Belgium | 5 | 42.914 February | 4.7× |
| Le HavreNormandy, France | 6 | 39.214 February | 4.7× |
| Baden-BadenBaden-Wurttemberg, Germany | 2 | 36.514 February | 4.7× |
| DreuxCentre-Val de Loire, France | 6 | 33.914 February | 4.7× |
| MeiningenThuringia, Germany | 2 | 33.921 February | 4.7× |
| CherbourgNormandy, France | 5 | 31.518 February | 4.7× |
| Flémalle-HauteWallonia, Belgium | 1 | 28.414 February | 4.7× |
| StockholmStockholm, Sweden | 1 | 25.122 February | 4.7× |
| VentspilsVentspils, Latvia | 2 | 54.624 February | 4.6× |
| GrimbergenFlanders, Belgium | 4 | 46.914 February | 4.6× |
| LochristiFlanders, Belgium | 5 | 45.314 February | 4.6× |
| HouthalenFlanders, Belgium | 4 | 45.214 February | 4.6× |
| MechelenFlanders, Belgium | 3 | 44.614 February | 4.6× |
| GentFlanders, Belgium | 3 | 43.414 February | 4.6× |
| AmiensHauts-de-France, France | 3 | 37.914 February | 4.6× |
| RambouilletÎle-de-France, France | 6 | 35.514 February | 4.6× |
| MariborUrban Municipality of Maribor, Slovenia | 5 | 73.223 February | 4.5× |
| EłkWarmia-Masuria, Poland | 6 | 72.627 February | 4.5× |
| Villefranche-sur-SaôneAuvergne-Rhône-Alpes, France | 5 | 48.418 February | 4.5× |
| Saint-ÉtienneAuvergne-Rhône-Alpes, France | 2 | 37.618 February | 4.5× |
| DieppeNormandy, France | 2 | 36.314 February | 4.5× |
| MoulinsAuvergne-Rhône-Alpes, France | 4 | 43.117 February | 4.4× |
| DouaiHauts-de-France, France | 5 | 42.214 February | 4.4× |
| AarschotFlanders, Belgium | 1 | 40.814 February | 4.4× |
| AachenNorth Rhine-Westphalia, Germany | 1 | 37.414 February | 4.4× |
| Eggenstein-LeopoldshafenBaden-Wurttemberg, Germany | 2 | 36.814 February | 4.4× |
| BrusselsBrussels Capital, Belgium | 2 | 36.714 February | 4.4× |
| BredaNorth Brabant, The Netherlands | 2 | 36.614 February | 4.4× |
| BexleyEngland, United Kingdom | 3 | 35.319 February | 4.4× |
| CaenNormandy, France | 5 | 30.718 February | 4.4× |
| EupenWallonia, Belgium | 1 | 28.314 February | 4.4× |
| NamurWallonia, Belgium | 1 | 25.414 February | 4.4× |
| HaskovoHaskovo, Bulgaria | 6 | 67.825 February | 4.3× |
| GoriziaFriuli Venezia Giulia, Italy | 5 | 64.023 February | 4.3× |
| NeuwiedRheinland-Pfalz, Germany | 3 | 47.214 February | 4.3× |
| WillebroekFlanders, Belgium | 2 | 40.414 February | 4.3× |
| HasseltFlanders, Belgium | 1 | 40.014 February | 4.3× |
| ParisÎle-de-France, France | 6 | 38.714 February | 4.3× |
| DenainHauts-de-France, France | 3 | 37.214 February | 4.3× |
| ÉvreuxNormandy, France | 6 | 34.214 February | 4.3× |
| TournaiWallonia, Belgium | 2 | 32.014 February | 4.3× |
| GothenburgVästra Götaland, Sweden | 2 | 26.221 February | 4.3× |
| SevlievoGabrovo, Bulgaria | 7 | 72.025 February | 4.2× |
| České BudějoviceSouth Bohemian Region, Czechia | 5 | 53.423 February | 4.2× |
| KarlsruheBaden-Wurttemberg, Germany | 4 | 43.214 February | 4.2× |
| KoblenzRheinland-Pfalz, Germany | 3 | 43.114 February | 4.2× |
| BeverenFlanders, Belgium | 3 | 41.914 February | 4.2× |
| VillefontaineAuvergne-Rhône-Alpes, France | 4 | 39.317 February | 4.2× |
| ReimsGrand Est, France | 5 | 36.114 February | 4.2× |
| VichyAuvergne-Rhône-Alpes, France | 3 | 28.618 February | 4.2× |
| CiechanówMazovia, Poland | 5 | 90.824 February | 4.1× |
| BohumínMoravian-Silesian Region, Czechia | 5 | 82.418 February | 4.1× |
| GiżyckoWarmia-Masuria, Poland | 4 | 64.527 February | 4.1× |
| TepliceÚstí nad Labem Region, Czechia | 3 | 58.221 February | 4.1× |
| PraguePrague, Czechia | 7 | 54.123 February | 4.1× |
| IzegemFlanders, Belgium | 4 | 45.914 February | 4.1× |
| AntwerpFlanders, Belgium | 3 | 41.614 February | 4.1× |
| PforzheimBaden-Wurttemberg, Germany | 4 | 36.714 February | 4.1× |
| Saint-QuentinHauts-de-France, France | 2 | 34.214 February | 4.1× |
| MalmöSkåne, Sweden | 2 | 32.122 February | 4.1× |
| LiègeWallonia, Belgium | 1 | 31.414 February | 4.1× |
| BendorfRheinland-Pfalz, Germany | 1 | 25.320 February | 4.1× |
| OtwockMazovia, Poland | 8 | 108.017 February | 4.0× |
| PoznańGreater Poland, Poland | 5 | 98.517 February | 4.0× |
| PezinokBratislava Region, Slovakia | 5 | 52.324 February | 4.0× |
| MostÚstí nad Labem Region, Czechia | 6 | 48.521 February | 4.0× |
| BellinzonaTicino, Switzerland | 7 | 48.418 February | 4.0× |
| MolFlanders, Belgium | 2 | 39.514 February | 4.0× |
| RennesBrittany, France | 3 | 34.817 February | 4.0× |
| SokolovCarlsbad Region, Czechia | 2 | 34.122 February | 4.0× |
| JarosławSubcarpathia, Poland | 4 | 79.018 February | 3.9× |
| OstravaMoravian-Silesian Region, Czechia | 5 | 69.117 February | 3.9× |
| MarktredwitzBavaria, Germany | 5 | 41.321 February | 3.9× |
| StabroekFlanders, Belgium | 3 | 38.914 February | 3.9× |
| MenenFlanders, Belgium | 5 | 38.814 February | 3.9× |
| RouenNormandy, France | 5 | 37.814 February | 3.9× |
| NettetalNorth Rhine-Westphalia, Germany | 1 | 36.314 February | 3.9× |
| ValenciaValencia, Spain | 1 | 32.717 February | 3.9× |
| ChartresCentre-Val de Loire, France | 5 | 32.614 February | 3.9× |
| MonsWallonia, Belgium | 2 | 30.614 February | 3.9× |
| AlençonNormandy, France | 3 | 30.517 February | 3.9× |
| LinköpingÖstergötland, Sweden | 1 | 28.821 February | 3.9× |
| KaliszGreater Poland, Poland | 3 | 111.017 February | 3.8× |
| TravnikFederation of B&H, Bosnia and Herzegovina | 3 | 104.023 February | 3.8× |
| Wodzisław ŚląskiSilesia, Poland | 5 | 82.418 February | 3.8× |
| Bad KreuznachRheinland-Pfalz, Germany | 4 | 48.221 February | 3.8× |
| KapellenFlanders, Belgium | 2 | 40.114 February | 3.8× |
| EvergemFlanders, Belgium | 4 | 39.714 February | 3.8× |
| ZwijndrechtFlanders, Belgium | 3 | 38.514 February | 3.8× |
| MontargisCentre-Val de Loire, France | 4 | 29.514 February | 3.8× |
| Villingen-SchwenningenBaden-Wurttemberg, Germany | 1 | 27.220 February | 3.8× |
| CarlowLeinster, Ireland | 1 | 26.018 February | 3.8× |
| ŁaskŁódź Voivodeship, Poland | 6 | 97.417 February | 3.7× |
| LublinLublin, Poland | 9 | 86.527 February | 3.7× |
| StarachowiceŚwiętokrzyskie, Poland | 8 | 77.217 February | 3.7× |
| WawerMazovia, Poland | 9 | 66.924 February | 3.7× |
| LiepājaLiepaja, Latvia | 2 | 60.924 February | 3.7× |
| DunkirkHauts-de-France, France | 6 | 39.114 February | 3.7× |
| KehlBaden-Wurttemberg, Germany | 5 | 38.814 February | 3.7× |
| CoulommiersÎle-de-France, France | 6 | 38.714 February | 3.7× |
| MetzGrand Est, France | 1 | 36.220 February | 3.7× |
| BadenLower Austria, Austria | 3 | 33.223 February | 3.7× |
| RixensartWallonia, Belgium | 3 | 31.914 February | 3.7× |
| BloisCentre-Val de Loire, France | 4 | 31.317 February | 3.7× |
| CharleroiWallonia, Belgium | 1 | 26.814 February | 3.7× |
| OpoleOpole Voivodeship, Poland | 5 | 89.520 February | 3.6× |
| SiedlceMazovia, Poland | 6 | 80.724 February | 3.6× |
| Novo MestoUrban Municipality of Novo Mesto, Slovenia | 3 | 79.824 February | 3.6× |
| PtujUrban Municipality of Ptuj, Slovenia | 4 | 78.324 February | 3.6× |
| FutogVojvodina, Serbia | 6 | 70.224 February | 3.6× |
| BiałystokPodlasie, Poland | 5 | 60.020 February | 3.6× |
| Frýdek-MístekMoravian-Silesian Region, Czechia | 2 | 59.017 February | 3.6× |
| TřinecMoravian-Silesian Region, Czechia | 6 | 56.218 February | 3.6× |
| LitvínovÚstí nad Labem Region, Czechia | 4 | 55.821 February | 3.6× |
| WürzburgBavaria, Germany | 3 | 40.721 February | 3.6× |
| EindhovenNorth Brabant, The Netherlands | 2 | 39.314 February | 3.6× |
| KölnNorth Rhine-Westphalia, Germany | 1 | 38.114 February | 3.6× |
| VenloLimburg, The Netherlands | 1 | 36.314 February | 3.6× |
| ValenciennesHauts-de-France, France | 1 | 35.614 February | 3.6× |
| JüchenNorth Rhine-Westphalia, Germany | 1 | 35.214 February | 3.6× |
| HeidelbergBaden-Wurttemberg, Germany | 2 | 32.914 February | 3.6× |
| Boulogne-sur-MerHauts-de-France, France | 4 | 32.019 February | 3.6× |
| MossØstfold, Norway | 1 | 31.322 February | 3.6× |
| AuxerreBourgogne-Franche-Comté, France | 4 | 30.218 February | 3.6× |
| OlivetCentre-Val de Loire, France | 5 | 28.717 February | 3.6× |
| FreiburgBaden-Wurttemberg, Germany | 2 | 27.516 February | 3.6× |
| SmederevoCentral Serbia, Serbia | 4 | 99.125 February | 3.5× |
| GrazStyria, Austria | 5 | 63.023 February | 3.5× |
| PilsenPlzeň Region, Czechia | 2 | 52.521 February | 3.5× |
| PristinaPristina, Kosovo | 8 | 49.522 February | 3.5× |
| KrosnoSubcarpathia, Poland | 4 | 48.618 February | 3.5× |
| MainzRheinland-Pfalz, Germany | 3 | 48.321 February | 3.5× |
| Romans-sur-IsèreAuvergne-Rhône-Alpes, France | 5 | 44.418 February | 3.5× |
| BratislavaBratislava Region, Slovakia | 7 | 42.724 February | 3.5× |
| CalaisHauts-de-France, France | 4 | 37.919 February | 3.5× |
| KreuzlingenThurgau, Switzerland | 4 | 37.020 February | 3.5× |
| KonstanzBaden-Wurttemberg, Germany | 4 | 37.020 February | 3.5× |
| LondonEngland, United Kingdom | 3 | 31.819 February | 3.5× |
| ÉpinalGrand Est, France | 5 | 31.119 February | 3.5× |
| VenrayLimburg, The Netherlands | 1 | 29.414 February | 3.5× |
| MontluçonAuvergne-Rhône-Alpes, France | 1 | 25.917 February | 3.5× |
| CeljeUrban Municipality of Celje, Slovenia | 4 | 79.624 February | 3.4× |
| WarsawMazovia, Poland | 8 | 68.824 February | 3.4× |
| ŚwiecieKujawsko-Pomorskie, Poland | 3 | 61.027 February | 3.4× |
| SereďTrnava Region, Slovakia | 4 | 41.024 February | 3.4× |
| SteyrUpper Austria, Austria | 5 | 40.923 February | 3.4× |
| AnsbachBavaria, Germany | 5 | 40.020 February | 3.4× |
| AvignonProvence-Alpes-Côte d'Azur, France | 3 | 39.618 February | 3.4× |
| FriedrichshafenBaden-Wurttemberg, Germany | 6 | 38.820 February | 3.4× |
| BambergBavaria, Germany | 3 | 38.121 February | 3.4× |
| TilburgNorth Brabant, The Netherlands | 3 | 37.914 February | 3.4× |
| KaunasKaunas, Lithuania | 2 | 37.020 February | 3.4× |
| ValenceAuvergne-Rhône-Alpes, France | 4 | 36.918 February | 3.4× |
| BaselBasel-City, Switzerland | 3 | 33.520 February | 3.4× |
| WieslochBaden-Wurttemberg, Germany | 2 | 33.014 February | 3.4× |
| NîmesOccitanie, France | 2 | 32.718 February | 3.4× |
| MönchengladbachNorth Rhine-Westphalia, Germany | 1 | 32.314 February | 3.4× |
| GraysEngland, United Kingdom | 2 | 30.519 February | 3.4× |
| VannesBrittany, France | 3 | 30.517 February | 3.4× |
| BourgesCentre-Val de Loire, France | 4 | 30.417 February | 3.4× |
| PoitiersNew Aquitaine, France | 2 | 30.317 February | 3.4× |
| MichelstadtHesse, Germany | 2 | 28.514 February | 3.4× |
| AngoulêmeNew Aquitaine, France | 1 | 26.217 February | 3.4× |
| Bielsko-BialaSilesia, Poland | 4 | 91.918 February | 3.3× |
| RuseRuse, Bulgaria | 4 | 58.924 February | 3.3× |
| OlsztynWarmia-Masuria, Poland | 5 | 56.524 February | 3.3× |
| WormsRheinland-Pfalz, Germany | 3 | 49.521 February | 3.3× |
| WelsUpper Austria, Austria | 3 | 49.023 February | 3.3× |
| SulechówLubusz, Poland | 5 | 48.517 February | 3.3× |
| KomárnoNitra Region, Slovakia | 1 | 47.924 February | 3.3× |
| LindauBavaria, Germany | 3 | 38.520 February | 3.3× |
| StuttgartBaden-Wurttemberg, Germany | 4 | 37.714 February | 3.3× |
| StrasbourgGrand Est, France | 3 | 37.514 February | 3.3× |
| KladnoCentral Bohemia, Czechia | 5 | 36.522 February | 3.3× |
| WiesbadenHesse, Germany | 3 | 35.521 February | 3.3× |
| TrierRheinland-Pfalz, Germany | 3 | 33.914 February | 3.3× |
| The HagueSouth Holland, The Netherlands | 1 | 30.115 February | 3.3× |
| LubnjowBrandenburg, Germany | 3 | 29.422 February | 3.3× |
| NiortNew Aquitaine, France | 1 | 25.517 February | 3.3× |
| Czechowice-DziedziceSilesia, Poland | 7 | 82.218 February | 3.2× |
| PožarevacCentral Serbia, Serbia | 1 | 66.525 February | 3.2× |
| Jelenia GóraLower Silesia, Poland | 6 | 65.920 February | 3.2× |
| Novi SadVojvodina, Serbia | 4 | 62.024 February | 3.2× |
| TrbovljeMunicipality of Trbovlje, Slovenia | 3 | 58.724 February | 3.2× |
| ŽilinaŽilina Region, Slovakia | 2 | 57.124 February | 3.2× |
| TraunUpper Austria, Austria | 3 | 53.723 February | 3.2× |
| GdańskPomerania, Poland | 5 | 48.823 February | 3.2× |
| AnnemasseAuvergne-Rhône-Alpes, France | 6 | 38.619 February | 3.2× |
| HeilbronnBaden-Wurttemberg, Germany | 5 | 37.114 February | 3.2× |
| Neu-UlmBavaria, Germany | 4 | 36.820 February | 3.2× |
| StralsundMecklenburg-Vorpommern, Germany | 3 | 35.221 February | 3.2× |
| MunichBavaria, Germany | 2 | 33.122 February | 3.2× |
| BernBern, Switzerland | 4 | 30.219 February | 3.2× |
| ChâteaurouxCentre-Val de Loire, France | 4 | 29.817 February | 3.2× |
| HerrenbergBaden-Wurttemberg, Germany | 3 | 29.419 February | 3.2× |
| LorientBrittany, France | 2 | 28.817 February | 3.2× |
| TarragonaCatalonia, Spain | 1 | 27.317 February | 3.2× |
| ŠabacCentral Serbia, Serbia | 3 | 129.024 February | 3.1× |
| KielceŚwiętokrzyskie, Poland | 5 | 68.726 February | 3.1× |
| ZamośćLublin, Poland | 5 | 68.426 February | 3.1× |
| AugustówPodlasie, Poland | 6 | 66.027 February | 3.1× |
| LinzUpper Austria, Austria | 2 | 47.823 February | 3.1× |
| SenicaTrnava Region, Slovakia | 2 | 43.724 February | 3.1× |
| ZnojmoSouth Moravian, Czechia | 4 | 41.523 February | 3.1× |
| ArlesProvence-Alpes-Côte d'Azur, France | 3 | 36.318 February | 3.1× |
| LiberecLiberec Region, Czechia | 5 | 34.714 February | 3.1× |
| GroßostheimBavaria, Germany | 4 | 33.921 February | 3.1× |
| BensheimHesse, Germany | 3 | 33.814 February | 3.1× |
| LörrachBaden-Wurttemberg, Germany | 3 | 31.820 February | 3.1× |
| OrléansCentre-Val de Loire, France | 6 | 30.917 February | 3.1× |
| SarpsborgØstfold, Norway | 1 | 30.522 February | 3.1× |
| LeverkusenNorth Rhine-Westphalia, Germany | 1 | 29.514 February | 3.1× |
| PančevoVojvodina, Serbia | 4 | 80.725 February | 3.0× |
| BelgradeCentral Serbia, Serbia | 4 | 72.925 February | 3.0× |
| LegionowoMazovia, Poland | 4 | 71.724 February | 3.0× |
| SremčicaCentral Serbia, Serbia | 3 | 69.924 February | 3.0× |
| ŻyrardówMazovia, Poland | 5 | 68.224 February | 3.0× |
| KutnoŁódź Voivodeship, Poland | 4 | 68.117 February | 3.0× |
| NiskoSubcarpathia, Poland | 4 | 68.026 February | 3.0× |
| RzeszówSubcarpathia, Poland | 6 | 67.827 February | 3.0× |
| Konstancin-JeziornaMazovia, Poland | 7 | 65.024 February | 3.0× |
| BerounCentral Bohemia, Czechia | 2 | 49.722 February | 3.0× |
| PúchovTrenčín Region, Slovakia | 3 | 48.824 February | 3.0× |
| JasłoSubcarpathia, Poland | 4 | 46.527 February | 3.0× |
| AnsfeldenUpper Austria, Austria | 2 | 45.023 February | 3.0× |
| SenecBratislava Region, Slovakia | 2 | 41.124 February | 3.0× |
| Žiar nad HronomBanská Bystrica Region, Slovakia | 2 | 38.424 February | 3.0× |
| ŚwinoujścieWest Pomerania, Poland | 3 | 36.021 February | 3.0× |
| LuganoTicino, Switzerland | 6 | 35.218 February | 3.0× |
| LudwigsburgBaden-Wurttemberg, Germany | 3 | 33.720 February | 3.0× |
| BogatyniaLower Silesia, Poland | 2 | 33.414 February | 3.0× |
| AugsburgBavaria, Germany | 2 | 32.322 February | 3.0× |
| KaiserslauternRheinland-Pfalz, Germany | 2 | 31.820 February | 3.0× |
| Schwandorf in BayernBavaria, Germany | 4 | 31.423 February | 3.0× |
| LleidaCatalonia, Spain | 1 | 31.317 February | 3.0× |
| DüsseldorfNorth Rhine-Westphalia, Germany | 2 | 31.014 February | 3.0× |
| AalenBaden-Wurttemberg, Germany | 2 | 31.020 February | 3.0× |
| ChambéryAuvergne-Rhône-Alpes, France | 2 | 30.719 February | 3.0× |
| FredrikstadØstfold, Norway | 1 | 30.522 February | 3.0× |
| DoleBourgogne-Franche-Comté, France | 3 | 28.917 February | 3.0× |
| Joué-lès-ToursCentre-Val de Loire, France | 2 | 28.717 February | 3.0× |
| BarneveldGelderland, The Netherlands | 2 | 28.115 February | 3.0× |
| RatingenNorth Rhine-Westphalia, Germany | 1 | 27.714 February | 3.0× |
| Saint-DizierGrand Est, France | 1 | 25.319 February | 3.0× |
| NišCentral Serbia, Serbia | 2 | 82.825 February | 2.9× |
| DębicaSubcarpathia, Poland | 5 | 72.617 February | 2.9× |
| HavířovMoravian-Silesian Region, Czechia | 2 | 59.017 February | 2.9× |
| PécsBaranya, Hungary | 4 | 46.427 February | 2.9× |
| RēzekneRēzekne, Latvia | 2 | 41.524 February | 2.9× |
| WolfsbergCarinthia, Austria | 3 | 41.123 February | 2.9× |
| HandlováTrenčín Region, Slovakia | 6 | 39.824 February | 2.9× |
| PerchtoldsdorfLower Austria, Austria | 3 | 38.824 February | 2.9× |
| GrenobleAuvergne-Rhône-Alpes, France | 4 | 36.819 February | 2.9× |
| Frankfurt am MainHesse, Germany | 3 | 34.721 February | 2.9× |
| BurghausenBavaria, Germany | 4 | 33.821 February | 2.9× |
| KrefeldNorth Rhine-Westphalia, Germany | 3 | 33.514 February | 2.9× |
| FilderstadtBaden-Wurttemberg, Germany | 4 | 33.520 February | 2.9× |
| TraunreutBavaria, Germany | 3 | 32.620 February | 2.9× |
| KroměřížZlín, Czechia | 3 | 31.417 February | 2.9× |
| LuckenwaldeBrandenburg, Germany | 2 | 31.421 February | 2.9× |
| KöthenSaxony-Anhalt, Germany | 2 | 31.221 February | 2.9× |
| GyöngyösHeves County, Hungary | 1 | 31.224 February | 2.9× |
| PulheimNorth Rhine-Westphalia, Germany | 1 | 30.514 February | 2.9× |
| Lauda-KönigshofenBaden-Wurttemberg, Germany | 2 | 30.321 February | 2.9× |
| ThionvilleGrand Est, France | 1 | 27.720 February | 2.9× |
| AltenburgThuringia, Germany | 1 | 27.614 February | 2.9× |
| FlensburgSchleswig-Holstein, Germany | 1 | 26.821 February | 2.9× |
| HattingenNorth Rhine-Westphalia, Germany | 1 | 25.514 February | 2.9× |
| UžiceCentral Serbia, Serbia | 2 | 110.024 February | 2.8× |
| Jastrzębie ZdrójSilesia, Poland | 5 | 76.918 February | 2.8× |
| BorCentral Serbia, Serbia | 3 | 71.926 February | 2.8× |
| PruszkówMazovia, Poland | 5 | 67.924 February | 2.8× |
| InđijaVojvodina, Serbia | 2 | 67.925 February | 2.8× |
| RadomMazovia, Poland | 6 | 63.617 February | 2.8× |
| KatowiceSilesia, Poland | 2 | 63.318 February | 2.8× |
| PrzemyślSubcarpathia, Poland | 3 | 62.127 February | 2.8× |
| MielecSubcarpathia, Poland | 2 | 56.317 February | 2.8× |
| KranjUrban Municipality of Kranj, Slovenia | 2 | 54.822 February | 2.8× |
| MartinŽilina Region, Slovakia | 5 | 50.620 February | 2.8× |
| GdyniaPomerania, Poland | 3 | 47.023 February | 2.8× |
| Banská BystricaBanská Bystrica Region, Slovakia | 2 | 41.324 February | 2.8× |
| PartizánskeTrenčín Region, Slovakia | 1 | 39.624 February | 2.8× |
| Klagenfurt am WörtherseeCarinthia, Austria | 4 | 37.822 February | 2.8× |
| EisenhüttenstadtBrandenburg, Germany | 3 | 35.320 February | 2.8× |
| UlmBaden-Wurttemberg, Germany | 5 | 34.920 February | 2.8× |
| GießenHesse, Germany | 3 | 33.621 February | 2.8× |
| LampertheimHesse, Germany | 3 | 33.320 February | 2.8× |
| KasselHesse, Germany | 2 | 32.021 February | 2.8× |
| ReutlingenBaden-Wurttemberg, Germany | 3 | 30.320 February | 2.8× |
| NurembergBavaria, Germany | 4 | 30.222 February | 2.8× |
| RotterdamSouth Holland, The Netherlands | 1 | 29.315 February | 2.8× |
| GreizThuringia, Germany | 2 | 29.214 February | 2.8× |
| AlbertvilleAuvergne-Rhône-Alpes, France | 2 | 28.219 February | 2.8× |
| Biberach an der RißBaden-Wurttemberg, Germany | 3 | 28.220 February | 2.8× |
| AschaffenburgBavaria, Germany | 1 | 27.721 February | 2.8× |
| ZürichZurich, Switzerland | 2 | 26.819 February | 2.8× |
| LübeckSchleswig-Holstein, Germany | 2 | 26.521 February | 2.8× |
| Hansestadt SalzwedelSaxony-Anhalt, Germany | 2 | 26.222 February | 2.8× |
| MedemblikNorth Holland, The Netherlands | 1 | 25.620 February | 2.8× |
| MiskolcBorsod-Abaúj-Zemplén, Hungary | 6 | 71.226 February | 2.7× |
| NyíregyházaSzabolcs-Szatmár-Bereg, Hungary | 4 | 65.823 February | 2.7× |
| ToruńKujawsko-Pomorskie, Poland | 3 | 61.526 February | 2.7× |
| BydgoszczKujawsko-Pomorskie, Poland | 3 | 54.717 February | 2.7× |
| PłockMazovia, Poland | 2 | 53.226 February | 2.7× |
| BucharestBucharest, Romania | 2 | 50.524 February | 2.7× |
| GyőrGyőr-Moson-Sopron, Hungary | 2 | 49.624 February | 2.7× |
| Valašské MeziříčíZlín, Czechia | 2 | 49.117 February | 2.7× |
| Český TěšínMoravian-Silesian Region, Czechia | 4 | 48.217 February | 2.7× |
| CieszynSilesia, Poland | 4 | 48.217 February | 2.7× |
| TrenčínTrenčín Region, Slovakia | 5 | 43.124 February | 2.7× |
| AmstettenLower Austria, Austria | 2 | 41.923 February | 2.7× |
| OpavaMoravian-Silesian Region, Czechia | 5 | 41.420 February | 2.7× |
| BrnoSouth Moravian, Czechia | 3 | 41.223 February | 2.7× |
| SpeyerRheinland-Pfalz, Germany | 3 | 37.720 February | 2.7× |
| ViennaVienna, Austria | 3 | 35.324 February | 2.7× |
| SninaPrešov Region, Slovakia | 3 | 34.624 February | 2.7× |
| SchiedamSouth Holland, The Netherlands | 4 | 33.215 February | 2.7× |
| Rüsselsheim am MainHesse, Germany | 2 | 33.121 February | 2.7× |
| EschbornHesse, Germany | 2 | 32.921 February | 2.7× |
| RigaRiga, Latvia | 1 | 31.824 February | 2.7× |
| LunévilleGrand Est, France | 1 | 31.219 February | 2.7× |
| OberhausenNorth Rhine-Westphalia, Germany | 1 | 29.914 February | 2.7× |
| PotsdamBrandenburg, Germany | 1 | 29.821 February | 2.7× |
| Hanau am MainHesse, Germany | 1 | 29.621 February | 2.7× |
| IJsselsteinUtrecht, The Netherlands | 2 | 29.415 February | 2.7× |
| DarmstadtHesse, Germany | 3 | 29.121 February | 2.7× |
| DuisburgNorth Rhine-Westphalia, Germany | 1 | 28.514 February | 2.7× |
| NancyGrand Est, France | 3 | 28.319 February | 2.7× |
| FalkenseeBrandenburg, Germany | 1 | 28.321 February | 2.7× |
| WuppertalNorth Rhine-Westphalia, Germany | 1 | 26.714 February | 2.7× |
| HattersheimHesse, Germany | 1 | 26.321 February | 2.7× |
| EisenachThuringia, Germany | 1 | 25.918 February | 2.7× |
| ToursCentre-Val de Loire, France | 1 | 25.016 February | 2.7× |
| ZemunCentral Serbia, Serbia | 3 | 77.125 February | 2.6× |
| KłodzkoLower Silesia, Poland | 5 | 76.419 February | 2.6× |
| CalafatDolj, Romania | 4 | 62.624 February | 2.6× |
| TarnówLesser Poland, Poland | 4 | 53.318 February | 2.6× |
| LjubljanaLjubljana, Slovenia | 2 | 52.022 February | 2.6× |
| GyálPest County, Hungary | 6 | 39.320 February | 2.6× |
| Sankt PöltenLower Austria, Austria | 2 | 38.923 February | 2.6× |
| Ludwigshafen am RheinRheinland-Pfalz, Germany | 3 | 37.820 February | 2.6× |
| TrnavaTrnava Region, Slovakia | 1 | 36.924 February | 2.6× |
| MalackyBratislava Region, Slovakia | 1 | 35.524 February | 2.6× |
| MannheimBaden-Wurttemberg, Germany | 3 | 35.420 February | 2.6× |
| Mladá BoleslavCentral Bohemia, Czechia | 2 | 35.214 February | 2.6× |
| NeubrandenburgMecklenburg-Vorpommern, Germany | 3 | 34.821 February | 2.6× |
| IngolstadtBavaria, Germany | 5 | 34.122 February | 2.6× |
| MeylanAuvergne-Rhône-Alpes, France | 2 | 33.619 February | 2.6× |
| NorthamptonEngland, United Kingdom | 2 | 33.119 February | 2.6× |
| MontbéliardBourgogne-Franche-Comté, France | 4 | 32.120 February | 2.6× |
| SchwerinMecklenburg-Vorpommern, Germany | 2 | 31.422 February | 2.6× |
| RostockMecklenburg-Vorpommern, Germany | 2 | 31.321 February | 2.6× |
| WeidenBavaria, Germany | 4 | 30.923 February | 2.6× |
| MulhouseGrand Est, France | 4 | 30.719 February | 2.6× |
| WismarMecklenburg-Vorpommern, Germany | 2 | 28.522 February | 2.6× |
| PopradPrešov Region, Slovakia | 1 | 28.224 February | 2.6× |
| FuldaHesse, Germany | 3 | 27.921 February | 2.6× |
| NordhausenThuringia, Germany | 1 | 27.921 February | 2.6× |
| VelserbroekNorth Holland, The Netherlands | 1 | 27.820 February | 2.6× |
| Marburg an der LahnHesse, Germany | 1 | 27.021 February | 2.6× |
Daily means in µg/m³, over the days each city counted in this episode. Highest: its highest of those days. Usual: the city's median for the time of year of that day (its days within 21 days of the date, every year, leaving out the week around it). Above usual: its highest day against that, with a usual under 5 µg/m³ taken as 5.
Against other episodes in Germany and France
Number 2 of 54 episodes in Germany and France since our records began, by cities reached.
- Europe, 6 to 25 February 2023608
- Europe, 14 February to 1 March 2025517
- Europe, 1 to 14 February 2025506
- Europe, January and February 2026502
- Germany, Poland and 25 more countries, March 2025463
- Europe, 8 to 27 January 2024449
- Europe, 1 to 12 March 2026444
- Germany, France and 18 more countries, January 2025381
- Europe, 18 to 25 March 2026362
- Europe, March 2025335
- Europe, 28 February to 4 March 2023279
- Europe, February and March 2024264
Bars: cities reached; colour: the level of the episode's highest daily reading. All 54.
Use this page
SmogRank, Europe, 14 February to 1 March 2025: 517 cities with PM2.5 at twice their usual or more, 14 February to 1 March 2025, smogrank.com/episodes/2025-02-14-europe (accessed 4 October 2026).
You're welcome to reuse a single chart, image or figure with this citation and a link. Terms.
An episode is a run of days when many cities close to each other (four or more within 350 km on a day, 8 or more in all) each had a daily PM2.5 mean of at least 25 µg/m³ and at least 2 times their usual for that time of year. Found in our own measurements, not picked by hand. How we find episodes. Values are each city's daily mean of its own monitors; causes are the usual kinds for a pattern like this, not a confirmed source.