SmogRank / Episodes / France
France and Spain, December 2023
For 4 days, from 16 to 19 December 2023, 33 cities in France, Spain and Germany had PM2.5 at least twice their usual for the time of year. The worst reading was Manlleu, Catalonia, Spain: 71.1 µg/m³ on 18 December, about 2.2× its usual 32.5.
No cause named We have no fire or smoke records for these days, so we only say what the measurements show.
Cities reached 33 in 3 countries
Days 4 16 to 19 December 2023
Worst day 18 December 22 cities counted
Furthest above usual 5.7× Forbach
Day by day
Play 18 December 22 cities at twice their usual or more
Saint-Étienne Aurillac Saint-Chamond Nevers Montceau-les-Mines Mâcon Bourges Chalon-sur-Saône Châteauroux Lunel Auxerre Castres Dijon Grenoble Meylan Lons-le-Saunier Chambéry Dole Périgueux Olivet Troyes Blois Fontainebleau Gap Perpignan Aix-en-Provence Annemasse Manosque Melun Albertville Marseille Étampes Besançon Poitiers Angoulême Tours Joué-lès-Tours Coulommiers Marmande Chartres Rambouillet Paris Saint-Dizier Vesoul Épernay Sarcelles les Escaldes Domont Girona Dreux Reims Creil Montbéliard Fréjus Épinal Évreux Verdun Cannes Louviers Saint-Quentin Alençon Bern Pau Nice Lunéville Barcelona Turin Amiens Rouen Monaco Metz La Rochelle Mulhouse Menton Vilanova i la Geltrú Basel Thionville Lisieux Lörrach Müllheim Dieppe La Roche-sur-Yon Luxembourg Tarragona Marche-en-Famenne Le Havre Freiburg Borgomanero Caen Anglet Alessandria Trier Couëron Kehl Zürich Lugano Bellinzona Villingen-Schwenningen Donostia / San Sebastián Baden-Baden Kaiserslautern Zarautz Karlsruhe Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen Kreuzlingen Konstanz Bad Kreuznach Calahorra Herrenberg Pforzheim Speyer Ludwigshafen am Rhein Tübingen Mannheim Lampertheim Wiesloch Heidelberg Mainz Stuttgart Wiesbaden Bensheim Rüsselsheim am Main Darmstadt Königstein im Taunus Eschborn Michelstadt Frankfurt am Main Großostheim Hanau am Main Aschaffenburg Worms Mollet del Vallès Manlleu Avignon Lleida Toulon Nîmes Gardanne Arles Vitrolles Lourdes Tarbes Montpellier Fos-sur-Mer Valence Angers Romans-sur-Isère Saarbrücken Nantes Nancy Sainte-Geneviève-des-Bois Salon-de-Provence Rennes Bourg-en-Bresse Bordeaux Lormont Lyon Meyzieu Clermont-Ferrand Sallanches Toulouse Givors Forbach 13 Dec 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 Every measured city in the area, coloured by its PM2.5 that day; a dark ring marks a city at twice its usual or more. Bars: cities counted each day, coloured by their median level. Choose a day or press play; without JavaScript, the days link to that day's world ranking.
How it spread
Sainte-Geneviève-de… Sainte-Geneviève-des-Bois, 13 December: no reading Sainte-Geneviève-des-Bois, 14 December: 9.4 µg/m³, 0.9× usual Sainte-Geneviève-des-Bois, 15 December: 18.2 µg/m³, 1.7× usual Sainte-Geneviève-des-Bois, 16 December: 32.9 µg/m³, 3.1× usual Sainte-Geneviève-des-Bois, 17 December: 20.3 µg/m³, 1.9× usual Sainte-Geneviève-des-Bois, 18 December: 14.7 µg/m³, 1.4× usual Sainte-Geneviève-des-Bois, 19 December: 12.6 µg/m³, 1.2× usual Sainte-Geneviève-des-Bois, 20 December: 9.5 µg/m³, 0.9× usual Sainte-Geneviève-des-Bois, 21 December: 5.1 µg/m³, 0.5× usual Sainte-Geneviève-des-Bois, 22 December: 5.8 µg/m³, 0.6× usual Nantes Nantes, 13 December: 4.1 µg/m³, 0.4× usual Nantes, 14 December: 8.1 µg/m³, 0.8× usual Nantes, 15 December: 16.9 µg/m³, 1.7× usual Nantes, 16 December: 31.1 µg/m³, 3.0× usual Nantes, 17 December: 17.4 µg/m³, 1.7× usual Nantes, 18 December: 12.7 µg/m³, 1.2× usual Nantes, 19 December: 8.9 µg/m³, 0.9× usual Nantes, 20 December: 5.4 µg/m³, 0.5× usual Nantes, 21 December: 6.1 µg/m³, 0.6× usual Nantes, 22 December: 5.3 µg/m³, 0.5× usual Rennes Rennes, 13 December: 4.5 µg/m³, 0.5× usual Rennes, 14 December: 8.0 µg/m³, 0.9× usual Rennes, 15 December: 14.7 µg/m³, 1.6× usual Rennes, 16 December: 30.0 µg/m³, 3.2× usual Rennes, 17 December: 23.1 µg/m³, 2.5× usual Rennes, 18 December: 15.3 µg/m³, 1.6× usual Rennes, 19 December: 7.7 µg/m³, 0.8× usual Rennes, 20 December: 5.7 µg/m³, 0.6× usual Rennes, 21 December: 6.9 µg/m³, 0.7× usual Rennes, 22 December: 6.0 µg/m³, 0.6× usual Angers Angers, 13 December: 4.8 µg/m³, 0.5× usual Angers, 14 December: 6.4 µg/m³, 0.6× usual Angers, 15 December: 21.8 µg/m³, 2.2× usual Angers, 16 December: 26.6 µg/m³, 2.7× usual Angers, 17 December: 15.7 µg/m³, 1.6× usual Angers, 18 December: 12.1 µg/m³, 1.2× usual Angers, 19 December: 10.6 µg/m³, 1.1× usual Angers, 20 December: 5.5 µg/m³, 0.6× usual Angers, 21 December: 5.5 µg/m³, 0.6× usual Angers, 22 December: 4.8 µg/m³, 0.5× usual Sallanches Sallanches, 13 December: 12.1 µg/m³, 0.7× usual Sallanches, 14 December: 13.2 µg/m³, 0.8× usual Sallanches, 15 December: 11.5 µg/m³, 0.7× usual Sallanches, 16 December: 32.0 µg/m³, 2.0× usual Sallanches, 17 December: 54.9 µg/m³, 3.4× usual Sallanches, 18 December: 67.1 µg/m³, 4.1× usual Sallanches, 19 December: 49.1 µg/m³, 3.0× usual Sallanches, 20 December: 27.3 µg/m³, 1.7× usual Sallanches, 21 December: 20.2 µg/m³, 1.2× usual Sallanches, 22 December: 28.3 µg/m³, 1.7× usual Gardanne Gardanne, 13 December: 12.2 µg/m³, 0.8× usual Gardanne, 14 December: 4.4 µg/m³, 0.3× usual Gardanne, 15 December: no reading Gardanne, 16 December: no reading Gardanne, 17 December: 34.7 µg/m³, 2.4× usual Gardanne, 18 December: 36.7 µg/m³, 2.5× usual Gardanne, 19 December: 35.4 µg/m³, 2.4× usual Gardanne, 20 December: 12.2 µg/m³, 0.8× usual Gardanne, 21 December: 6.2 µg/m³, 0.4× usual Gardanne, 22 December: 4.1 µg/m³, 0.3× usual Lormont Lormont, 13 December: 5.8 µg/m³, 0.6× usual Lormont, 14 December: 7.6 µg/m³, 0.8× usual Lormont, 15 December: 7.5 µg/m³, 0.7× usual Lormont, 16 December: 16.9 µg/m³, 1.7× usual Lormont, 17 December: 33.6 µg/m³, 3.3× usual Lormont, 18 December: 31.0 µg/m³, 3.1× usual Lormont, 19 December: 13.7 µg/m³, 1.4× usual Lormont, 20 December: 7.1 µg/m³, 0.7× usual Lormont, 21 December: 6.0 µg/m³, 0.6× usual Lormont, 22 December: 5.1 µg/m³, 0.5× usual Forbach Forbach, 13 December: 2.8 µg/m³, 0.5× usual Forbach, 14 December: 5.7 µg/m³, 1.0× usual Forbach, 15 December: 8.1 µg/m³, 1.4× usual Forbach, 16 December: 15.4 µg/m³, 2.7× usual Forbach, 17 December: 33.3 µg/m³, 5.7× usual Forbach, 18 December: 23.3 µg/m³, 4.0× usual Forbach, 19 December: 8.9 µg/m³, 1.5× usual Forbach, 20 December: 3.9 µg/m³, 0.7× usual Forbach, 21 December: 2.8 µg/m³, 0.5× usual Forbach, 22 December: 2.9 µg/m³, 0.5× usual Tarbes Tarbes, 13 December: 1.8 µg/m³, 0.1× usual Tarbes, 14 December: 7.6 µg/m³, 0.6× usual Tarbes, 15 December: 12.7 µg/m³, 1.0× usual Tarbes, 16 December: 23.0 µg/m³, 1.8× usual Tarbes, 17 December: 32.3 µg/m³, 2.6× usual Tarbes, 18 December: 31.7 µg/m³, 2.5× usual Tarbes, 19 December: 25.0 µg/m³, 2.0× usual Tarbes, 20 December: 6.3 µg/m³, 0.5× usual Tarbes, 21 December: 2.0 µg/m³, 0.2× usual Tarbes, 22 December: 1.8 µg/m³, 0.1× usual Bordeaux Bordeaux, 13 December: 5.6 µg/m³, 0.6× usual Bordeaux, 14 December: 6.3 µg/m³, 0.7× usual Bordeaux, 15 December: 7.2 µg/m³, 0.8× usual Bordeaux, 16 December: 23.8 µg/m³, 2.5× usual Bordeaux, 17 December: 31.2 µg/m³, 3.3× usual Bordeaux, 18 December: 23.0 µg/m³, 2.4× usual Bordeaux, 19 December: 13.3 µg/m³, 1.4× usual Bordeaux, 20 December: 5.2 µg/m³, 0.5× usual Bordeaux, 21 December: 5.5 µg/m³, 0.6× usual Bordeaux, 22 December: 4.4 µg/m³, 0.5× usual Fos-sur-Mer Fos-sur-Mer, 13 December: 9.6 µg/m³, 0.8× usual Fos-sur-Mer, 14 December: 3.1 µg/m³, 0.3× usual Fos-sur-Mer, 15 December: no reading Fos-sur-Mer, 16 December: no reading Fos-sur-Mer, 17 December: 29.2 µg/m³, 2.6× usual Fos-sur-Mer, 18 December: 30.8 µg/m³, 2.7× usual Fos-sur-Mer, 19 December: 27.2 µg/m³, 2.4× usual Fos-sur-Mer, 20 December: 5.4 µg/m³, 0.5× usual Fos-sur-Mer, 21 December: 5.2 µg/m³, 0.5× usual Fos-sur-Mer, 22 December: 4.7 µg/m³, 0.4× usual Toulouse Toulouse, 13 December: 2.6 µg/m³, 0.3× usual Toulouse, 14 December: 5.7 µg/m³, 0.6× usual Toulouse, 15 December: 6.8 µg/m³, 0.7× usual Toulouse, 16 December: 17.1 µg/m³, 1.7× usual Toulouse, 17 December: 28.6 µg/m³, 2.8× usual Toulouse, 18 December: 44.3 µg/m³, 4.3× usual Toulouse, 19 December: 28.8 µg/m³, 2.8× usual Toulouse, 20 December: 7.2 µg/m³, 0.7× usual Toulouse, 21 December: 2.1 µg/m³, 0.2× usual Toulouse, 22 December: 3.3 µg/m³, 0.3× usual Nancy Nancy, 13 December: 3.9 µg/m³, 0.4× usual Nancy, 14 December: 6.7 µg/m³, 0.7× usual Nancy, 15 December: 8.5 µg/m³, 0.9× usual Nancy, 16 December: 15.3 µg/m³, 1.7× usual Nancy, 17 December: 27.9 µg/m³, 3.1× usual Nancy, 18 December: 13.2 µg/m³, 1.5× usual Nancy, 19 December: 8.8 µg/m³, 1.0× usual Nancy, 20 December: 4.9 µg/m³, 0.5× usual Nancy, 21 December: 3.4 µg/m³, 0.4× usual Nancy, 22 December: 4.5 µg/m³, 0.5× usual Nîmes Nîmes, 13 December: 7.0 µg/m³, 0.6× usual Nîmes, 14 December: 2.2 µg/m³, 0.2× usual Nîmes, 15 December: 2.3 µg/m³, 0.2× usual Nîmes, 16 December: 3.1 µg/m³, 0.3× usual Nîmes, 17 December: 27.7 µg/m³, 2.4× usual Nîmes, 18 December: 26.0 µg/m³, 2.3× usual Nîmes, 19 December: 23.6 µg/m³, 2.1× usual Nîmes, 20 December: 5.4 µg/m³, 0.5× usual Nîmes, 21 December: 2.3 µg/m³, 0.2× usual Nîmes, 22 December: 1.1 µg/m³, 0.1× usual Lourdes Lourdes, 13 December: 1.5 µg/m³, 0.1× usual Lourdes, 14 December: 2.9 µg/m³, 0.3× usual Lourdes, 15 December: 6.0 µg/m³, 0.6× usual Lourdes, 16 December: 12.5 µg/m³, 1.2× usual Lourdes, 17 December: 27.1 µg/m³, 2.6× usual Lourdes, 18 December: 23.7 µg/m³, 2.3× usual Lourdes, 19 December: 20.5 µg/m³, 2.0× usual Lourdes, 20 December: 4.3 µg/m³, 0.4× usual Lourdes, 21 December: 2.2 µg/m³, 0.2× usual Lourdes, 22 December: 1.2 µg/m³, 0.1× usual Givors Givors, 13 December: 6.5 µg/m³, 0.7× usual Givors, 14 December: 3.2 µg/m³, 0.3× usual Givors, 15 December: 6.5 µg/m³, 0.7× usual Givors, 16 December: 7.9 µg/m³, 0.8× usual Givors, 17 December: 26.4 µg/m³, 2.8× usual Givors, 18 December: 53.3 µg/m³, 5.6× usual Givors, 19 December: 50.8 µg/m³, 5.3× usual Givors, 20 December: 24.6 µg/m³, 2.6× usual Givors, 21 December: 10.5 µg/m³, 1.1× usual Givors, 22 December: 4.5 µg/m³, 0.5× usual Worms Worms, 13 December: 6.8 µg/m³, 0.6× usual Worms, 14 December: 10.5 µg/m³, 0.9× usual Worms, 15 December: 13.4 µg/m³, 1.1× usual Worms, 16 December: 16.3 µg/m³, 1.3× usual Worms, 17 December: 25.9 µg/m³, 2.1× usual Worms, 18 December: 23.6 µg/m³, 2.0× usual Worms, 19 December: 13.7 µg/m³, 1.1× usual Worms, 20 December: 4.2 µg/m³, 0.3× usual Worms, 21 December: 1.3 µg/m³, 0.1× usual Worms, 22 December: 2.2 µg/m³, 0.2× usual Saarbrücken Saarbrücken, 13 December: 4.4 µg/m³, 0.5× usual Saarbrücken, 14 December: 7.1 µg/m³, 0.8× usual Saarbrücken, 15 December: 11.5 µg/m³, 1.3× usual Saarbrücken, 16 December: 15.2 µg/m³, 1.7× usual Saarbrücken, 17 December: 25.4 µg/m³, 2.9× usual Saarbrücken, 18 December: 23.4 µg/m³, 2.6× usual Saarbrücken, 19 December: 12.5 µg/m³, 1.4× usual Saarbrücken, 20 December: 6.1 µg/m³, 0.7× usual Saarbrücken, 21 December: 1.8 µg/m³, 0.2× usual Saarbrücken, 22 December: 3.7 µg/m³, 0.4× usual Valence Valence, 13 December: 15.6 µg/m³, 1.2× usual Valence, 14 December: 3.4 µg/m³, 0.3× usual Valence, 15 December: 5.6 µg/m³, 0.4× usual Valence, 16 December: 7.7 µg/m³, 0.6× usual Valence, 17 December: 25.2 µg/m³, 2.0× usual Valence, 18 December: 33.4 µg/m³, 2.7× usual Valence, 19 December: 30.6 µg/m³, 2.4× usual Valence, 20 December: 11.0 µg/m³, 0.9× usual Valence, 21 December: 12.0 µg/m³, 1.0× usual Valence, 22 December: 4.4 µg/m³, 0.3× usual Manlleu Manlleu, 13 December: 23.0 µg/m³, 0.7× usual Manlleu, 14 December: 19.0 µg/m³, 0.6× usual Manlleu, 15 December: 33.4 µg/m³, 1.0× usual Manlleu, 16 December: 41.3 µg/m³, 1.3× usual Manlleu, 17 December: 50.9 µg/m³, 1.6× usual Manlleu, 18 December: 71.1 µg/m³, 2.2× usual Manlleu, 19 December: 63.7 µg/m³, 2.0× usual Manlleu, 20 December: 63.2 µg/m³, 1.9× usual Manlleu, 21 December: no reading Manlleu, 22 December: no reading Romans-sur-Isère Romans-sur-Isère, 13 December: 12.2 µg/m³, 0.7× usual Romans-sur-Isère, 14 December: 3.6 µg/m³, 0.2× usual Romans-sur-Isère, 15 December: 6.8 µg/m³, 0.4× usual Romans-sur-Isère, 16 December: 9.7 µg/m³, 0.6× usual Romans-sur-Isère, 17 December: 33.3 µg/m³, 2.0× usual Romans-sur-Isère, 18 December: 49.3 µg/m³, 2.9× usual Romans-sur-Isère, 19 December: 32.6 µg/m³, 1.9× usual Romans-sur-Isère, 20 December: 10.8 µg/m³, 0.6× usual Romans-sur-Isère, 21 December: 10.6 µg/m³, 0.6× usual Romans-sur-Isère, 22 December: 3.7 µg/m³, 0.2× usual Lleida Lleida, 13 December: 14.2 µg/m³, 0.7× usual Lleida, 14 December: 2.0 µg/m³, 0.1× usual Lleida, 15 December: 8.1 µg/m³, 0.4× usual Lleida, 16 December: 15.2 µg/m³, 0.7× usual Lleida, 17 December: 30.8 µg/m³, 1.5× usual Lleida, 18 December: 46.8 µg/m³, 2.2× usual Lleida, 19 December: 48.8 µg/m³, 2.3× usual Lleida, 20 December: 43.6 µg/m³, 2.1× usual Lleida, 21 December: 20.1 µg/m³, 1.0× usual Lleida, 22 December: 2.8 µg/m³, 0.1× usual Lyon Lyon, 13 December: 5.2 µg/m³, 0.4× usual Lyon, 14 December: 3.2 µg/m³, 0.3× usual Lyon, 15 December: 5.7 µg/m³, 0.5× usual Lyon, 16 December: 7.9 µg/m³, 0.6× usual Lyon, 17 December: 22.8 µg/m³, 1.8× usual Lyon, 18 December: 43.6 µg/m³, 3.5× usual Lyon, 19 December: 38.3 µg/m³, 3.0× usual Lyon, 20 December: 20.3 µg/m³, 1.6× usual Lyon, 21 December: 13.5 µg/m³, 1.1× usual Lyon, 22 December: 2.5 µg/m³, 0.2× usual Meyzieu Meyzieu, 13 December: 5.7 µg/m³, 0.5× usual Meyzieu, 14 December: 3.9 µg/m³, 0.3× usual Meyzieu, 15 December: 8.8 µg/m³, 0.8× usual Meyzieu, 16 December: 10.5 µg/m³, 0.9× usual Meyzieu, 17 December: 21.9 µg/m³, 1.9× usual Meyzieu, 18 December: 39.9 µg/m³, 3.5× usual Meyzieu, 19 December: 28.6 µg/m³, 2.5× usual Meyzieu, 20 December: 18.9 µg/m³, 1.6× usual Meyzieu, 21 December: 11.3 µg/m³, 1.0× usual Meyzieu, 22 December: 3.4 µg/m³, 0.3× usual Vitrolles Vitrolles, 13 December: 13.6 µg/m³, 1.1× usual Vitrolles, 14 December: 3.7 µg/m³, 0.3× usual Vitrolles, 15 December: no reading Vitrolles, 16 December: no reading Vitrolles, 17 December: 23.7 µg/m³, 1.9× usual Vitrolles, 18 December: 32.6 µg/m³, 2.6× usual Vitrolles, 19 December: 27.9 µg/m³, 2.2× usual Vitrolles, 20 December: 6.3 µg/m³, 0.5× usual Vitrolles, 21 December: 4.6 µg/m³, 0.4× usual Vitrolles, 22 December: 3.5 µg/m³, 0.3× usual Arles Arles, 13 December: 9.0 µg/m³, 0.7× usual Arles, 14 December: 2.8 µg/m³, 0.2× usual Arles, 15 December: no reading Arles, 16 December: no reading Arles, 17 December: 19.9 µg/m³, 1.6× usual Arles, 18 December: 31.6 µg/m³, 2.6× usual Arles, 19 December: 27.9 µg/m³, 2.3× usual Arles, 20 December: 4.6 µg/m³, 0.4× usual Arles, 21 December: 4.0 µg/m³, 0.3× usual Arles, 22 December: 2.9 µg/m³, 0.2× usual Bourg-en-Bresse Bourg-en-Bresse, 13 December: 4.9 µg/m³, 0.5× usual Bourg-en-Bresse, 14 December: 5.3 µg/m³, 0.6× usual Bourg-en-Bresse, 15 December: 11.3 µg/m³, 1.3× usual Bourg-en-Bresse, 16 December: 12.1 µg/m³, 1.3× usual Bourg-en-Bresse, 17 December: 18.4 µg/m³, 2.0× usual Bourg-en-Bresse, 18 December: 30.0 µg/m³, 3.3× usual Bourg-en-Bresse, 19 December: 19.3 µg/m³, 2.1× usual Bourg-en-Bresse, 20 December: 17.5 µg/m³, 1.9× usual Bourg-en-Bresse, 21 December: 3.9 µg/m³, 0.4× usual Bourg-en-Bresse, 22 December: 3.6 µg/m³, 0.4× usual Montpellier Montpellier, 13 December: 3.0 µg/m³, 0.3× usual Montpellier, 14 December: 2.8 µg/m³, 0.3× usual Montpellier, 15 December: 4.3 µg/m³, 0.4× usual Montpellier, 16 December: 7.9 µg/m³, 0.7× usual Montpellier, 17 December: 19.1 µg/m³, 1.8× usual Montpellier, 18 December: 29.3 µg/m³, 2.7× usual Montpellier, 19 December: 16.0 µg/m³, 1.5× usual Montpellier, 20 December: 2.8 µg/m³, 0.3× usual Montpellier, 21 December: 1.3 µg/m³, 0.1× usual Montpellier, 22 December: 1.8 µg/m³, 0.2× usual Avignon Avignon, 13 December: 23.2 µg/m³, 1.7× usual Avignon, 14 December: 2.7 µg/m³, 0.2× usual Avignon, 15 December: no reading Avignon, 16 December: no reading Avignon, 17 December: 22.4 µg/m³, 1.6× usual Avignon, 18 December: 29.1 µg/m³, 2.1× usual Avignon, 19 December: 30.7 µg/m³, 2.2× usual Avignon, 20 December: 4.2 µg/m³, 0.3× usual Avignon, 21 December: 4.0 µg/m³, 0.3× usual Avignon, 22 December: 2.6 µg/m³, 0.2× usual Clermont-Ferrand Clermont-Ferrand, 13 December: 1.7 µg/m³, 0.2× usual Clermont-Ferrand, 14 December: 2.0 µg/m³, 0.3× usual Clermont-Ferrand, 15 December: 7.7 µg/m³, 1.0× usual Clermont-Ferrand, 16 December: 9.6 µg/m³, 1.3× usual Clermont-Ferrand, 17 December: 18.7 µg/m³, 2.5× usual Clermont-Ferrand, 18 December: 28.9 µg/m³, 3.9× usual Clermont-Ferrand, 19 December: 20.7 µg/m³, 2.8× usual Clermont-Ferrand, 20 December: 6.0 µg/m³, 0.8× usual Clermont-Ferrand, 21 December: 0.6 µg/m³, 0.1× usual Clermont-Ferrand, 22 December: 1.3 µg/m³, 0.2× usual Toulon Toulon, 13 December: 5.8 µg/m³, 0.5× usual Toulon, 14 December: 2.6 µg/m³, 0.2× usual Toulon, 15 December: no reading Toulon, 16 December: no reading Toulon, 17 December: 19.6 µg/m³, 1.7× usual Toulon, 18 December: 27.2 µg/m³, 2.4× usual Toulon, 19 December: 29.9 µg/m³, 2.6× usual Toulon, 20 December: 25.5 µg/m³, 2.2× usual Toulon, 21 December: 4.1 µg/m³, 0.4× usual Toulon, 22 December: 3.8 µg/m³, 0.3× usual Salon-de-Provence Salon-de-Provence, 13 December: 12.6 µg/m³, 1.5× usual Salon-de-Provence, 14 December: 2.2 µg/m³, 0.3× usual Salon-de-Provence, 15 December: no reading Salon-de-Provence, 16 December: no reading Salon-de-Provence, 17 December: 23.5 µg/m³, 2.8× usual Salon-de-Provence, 18 December: 27.1 µg/m³, 3.2× usual Salon-de-Provence, 19 December: 20.3 µg/m³, 2.4× usual Salon-de-Provence, 20 December: 3.8 µg/m³, 0.4× usual Salon-de-Provence, 21 December: 3.0 µg/m³, 0.4× usual Salon-de-Provence, 22 December: 1.7 µg/m³, 0.2× usual Mollet del Vallès Mollet del Vallès, 13 December: no reading Mollet del Vallès, 14 December: no reading Mollet del Vallès, 15 December: no reading Mollet del Vallès, 16 December: no reading Mollet del Vallès, 17 December: no reading Mollet del Vallès, 18 December: 25.7 µg/m³, 1.4× usual Mollet del Vallès, 19 December: 39.5 µg/m³, 2.2× usual Mollet del Vallès, 20 December: 40.0 µg/m³, 2.2× usual Mollet del Vallès, 21 December: 33.8 µg/m³, 1.9× usual Mollet del Vallès, 22 December: 13.0 µg/m³, 0.7× usual 13 Dec 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 Every counted city, in the order the episode reached them, 3 days before to 3 after. Each square is a day, coloured by that day's PM2.5; outlined: at twice the city's usual or more. Good 0–50
Moderate 51–100
Sensitive groups 101–150
Unhealthy 151–200
Very unhealthy 201–300
Hazardous 301+
Every city it reached
City Days Highest Usual Above usual
Forbach Grand Est, France 1 17 December 5.8 5.7× Givors Auvergne-Rhône-Alpes, France 3 18 December 9.5 5.6× Toulouse Occitanie, France 3 18 December 10.3 4.3× Sallanches Auvergne-Rhône-Alpes, France 3 18 December 16.2 4.1× Clermont-Ferrand Auvergne-Rhône-Alpes, France 1 18 December 7.4 3.9× Meyzieu Auvergne-Rhône-Alpes, France 2 18 December 11.5 3.5× Lyon Auvergne-Rhône-Alpes, France 2 18 December 12.6 3.5× Bourg-en-Bresse Auvergne-Rhône-Alpes, France 1 18 December 9.0 3.3× Lormont New Aquitaine, France 2 17 December 10.1 3.3× Bordeaux New Aquitaine, France 1 17 December 9.6 3.3× Rennes Brittany, France 1 16 December 9.4 3.2× Salon-de-Provence Provence-Alpes-Côte d'Azur, France 1 18 December 8.5 3.2× Sainte-Geneviève-des-Bois Île-de-France, France 1 16 December 10.5 3.1× Nancy Grand Est, France 1 17 December 9.1 3.1× Nantes Pays de la Loire, France 1 16 December 10.2 3.0× Romans-sur-Isère Auvergne-Rhône-Alpes, France 1 18 December 16.8 2.9× Saarbrücken Saarland, Germany 1 17 December 8.9 2.9× Fos-sur-Mer Provence-Alpes-Côte d'Azur, France 3 18 December 11.4 2.7× Montpellier Occitanie, France 1 18 December 10.9 2.7× Angers Pays de la Loire, France 1 16 December 9.9 2.7× Valence Auvergne-Rhône-Alpes, France 3 18 December 12.6 2.7× Lourdes Occitanie, France 1 17 December 10.3 2.6× Toulon Provence-Alpes-Côte d'Azur, France 1 19 December 11.5 2.6× Tarbes Occitanie, France 3 17 December 12.5 2.6× Arles Provence-Alpes-Côte d'Azur, France 2 18 December 12.3 2.6× Vitrolles Provence-Alpes-Côte d'Azur, France 2 18 December 12.7 2.6× Gardanne Provence-Alpes-Côte d'Azur, France 3 18 December 14.7 2.5× Nîmes Occitanie, France 2 17 December 11.5 2.4× Lleida Catalonia, Spain 2 19 December 21.1 2.3× Mollet del Vallès Catalonia, Spain 1 20 December 18.1 2.2× Avignon Provence-Alpes-Côte d'Azur, France 2 19 December 13.9 2.2× Manlleu Catalonia, Spain 1 18 December 32.5 2.2× Worms Rheinland-Pfalz, Germany 1 17 December 12.1 2.1×
Daily means in µg/m³. Usual: the city's median for this time of year (its days within 21 days of the date, every year, leaving out the week around it). Above usual: its highest day against that.
Against other episodes in France and Spain
Number 15 of 58 episodes in France and Spain since our records began, by cities reached.
Central Europe, February and March 2023 274 Central Europe, December 2025 to January 2026 170 Western Europe, March 2023 119 Western Europe, January 2024 117 Western Europe, December 2024 75 North-eastern Spain and France, February 2023 72 France, The Netherlands and United Kingdom, January 2023 66 Central Europe, June 2025 63 North-eastern Spain, August 2025 44 North-eastern Spain and France, December 2023 to January 2024 44 France, Belgium and United Kingdom, November and December 2023 43 South-western Europe, February 2024 37 France and Spain, December 2023 33 Bars: cities reached; colour: the level of the episode's highest daily reading. All 58 .
Use this page SmogRank, France and Spain, December 2023: 33 cities with PM2.5 at twice their usual or more, 16 to 19 December 2023, smogrank.com/episodes/2023-12-france-and-spain (accessed 3 October 2026).
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You're welcome to reuse a single chart, image or figure with this citation and a link. Terms .
An episode is a run of days when many cities close to each other (four or more within 350 km on a day, 8 or more in all) each had a daily PM2.5 mean of at least 25 µg/m³ and at least 2 times their usual for that time of year. Found in our own measurements, not picked by hand. How we find episodes . Values are each city's daily mean of its own monitors; causes are the usual kinds for a pattern like this, not a confirmed source.
