Europe, 24 December 2024 to 3 January 2025
For 11 days, from 24 December 2024 to 3 January 2025, 327 cities in Germany, Poland, France and 18 more countries had PM2.5 at least twice their usual for the time of year. The worst reading was Opole, Opole Voivodeship, Poland: 245.0 µg/m³ on 28 December, about 11× its usual 21.6. Ended 3 January.
Day by day
How it spread
Every city it reached
| City | Days | Highest | Above usual |
|---|---|---|---|
| AugsburgBavaria, Germany | 2 | 141.51 January | 15× |
| BihaćFederation of B&H, Bosnia and Herzegovina | 4 | 209.029 December | 13× |
| MunichBavaria, Germany | 2 | 126.01 January | 13× |
| Kempten (Allgäu)Bavaria, Germany | 6 | 132.01 January | 12× |
| OpoleOpole Voivodeship, Poland | 6 | 245.028 December | 11× |
| Český TěšínMoravian-Silesian Region, Czechia | 4 | 114.028 December | 9.9× |
| CieszynSilesia, Poland | 4 | 114.028 December | 9.9× |
| OstravaMoravian-Silesian Region, Czechia | 7 | 139.028 December | 9.3× |
| Kędzierzyn-KoźleOpole Voivodeship, Poland | 6 | 157.028 December | 9.1× |
| VeszprémVeszprém, Hungary | 4 | 102.01 January | 7.9× |
| NurembergBavaria, Germany | 1 | 74.31 January | 7.8× |
| RacibórzSilesia, Poland | 6 | 149.027 December | 7.6× |
| BohumínMoravian-Silesian Region, Czechia | 6 | 117.027 December | 7.5× |
| Wodzisław ŚląskiSilesia, Poland | 6 | 117.027 December | 7.5× |
| BambergBavaria, Germany | 2 | 66.61 January | 7.5× |
| HavířovMoravian-Silesian Region, Czechia | 6 | 130.028 December | 7.3× |
| Frýdek-MístekMoravian-Silesian Region, Czechia | 6 | 103.028 December | 7.3× |
| TřinecMoravian-Silesian Region, Czechia | 5 | 78.827 December | 7.3× |
| WrocławLower Silesia, Poland | 5 | 127.028 December | 7.1× |
| Czechowice-DziedziceSilesia, Poland | 4 | 145.028 December | 6.8× |
| Valašské MeziříčíZlín, Czechia | 6 | 88.928 December | 6.8× |
| StudénkaMoravian-Silesian Region, Czechia | 6 | 97.127 December | 6.7× |
| SereďTrnava Region, Slovakia | 4 | 78.129 December | 6.7× |
| KoperUrban Municipality of Koper, Slovenia | 3 | 65.21 January | 6.7× |
| IngolstadtBavaria, Germany | 2 | 81.21 January | 6.6× |
| PristinaPristina, Kosovo | 4 | 180.01 January | 6.3× |
| ŻywiecSilesia, Poland | 4 | 175.028 December | 6.3× |
| KłodzkoLower Silesia, Poland | 6 | 134.028 December | 6.3× |
| KaliszGreater Poland, Poland | 4 | 132.028 December | 6.2× |
| TübingenBaden-Wurttemberg, Germany | 3 | 82.41 January | 6.1× |
| Jastrzębie ZdrójSilesia, Poland | 4 | 137.028 December | 6.0× |
| OpavaMoravian-Silesian Region, Czechia | 5 | 67.627 December | 6.0× |
| WormsRheinland-Pfalz, Germany | 3 | 75.61 January | 5.9× |
| TraunreutBavaria, Germany | 4 | 60.41 January | 5.8× |
| WeizStyria, Austria | 2 | 75.31 January | 5.7× |
| Trostberg an der AlzBavaria, Germany | 4 | 60.41 January | 5.7× |
| MikulovSouth Moravian, Czechia | 3 | 56.130 December | 5.7× |
| WürzburgBavaria, Germany | 2 | 56.71 January | 5.6× |
| Bielsko-BialaSilesia, Poland | 5 | 128.028 December | 5.5× |
| NitraNitra Region, Slovakia | 4 | 74.729 December | 5.4× |
| AalenBaden-Wurttemberg, Germany | 1 | 51.11 January | 5.4× |
| ZlínZlín, Czechia | 6 | 69.428 December | 5.3× |
| MartinŽilina Region, Slovakia | 7 | 73.91 January | 5.2× |
| RužomberokŽilina Region, Slovakia | 7 | 89.31 January | 5.1× |
| FilderstadtBaden-Wurttemberg, Germany | 4 | 48.91 January | 5.1× |
| EsztergomKomárom-Esztergom, Hungary | 4 | 85.629 December | 5.0× |
| ReutlingenBaden-Wurttemberg, Germany | 3 | 57.51 January | 5.0× |
| Liptovský Mikulᚎilina Region, Slovakia | 6 | 76.61 January | 4.9× |
| TrenčínTrenčín Region, Slovakia | 4 | 61.929 December | 4.9× |
| CharleroiWallonia, Belgium | 1 | 31.128 December | 4.9× |
| NáchodHradec Králové Region, Czechia | 3 | 66.829 December | 4.8× |
| Kudowa-ZdrójLower Silesia, Poland | 3 | 66.829 December | 4.8× |
| KomárnoNitra Region, Slovakia | 4 | 56.929 December | 4.8× |
| ŽideniceSouth Moravian, Czechia | 5 | 56.930 December | 4.8× |
| SlatinaSouth Moravian, Czechia | 5 | 56.930 December | 4.8× |
| BrnoSouth Moravian, Czechia | 6 | 54.230 December | 4.8× |
| TournaiWallonia, Belgium | 1 | 32.027 December | 4.8× |
| Saint HelierSt Helier, Jersey | 1 | 25.728 December | 4.8× |
| BotevgradSofia, Bulgaria | 3 | 103.91 January | 4.7× |
| SpeyerRheinland-Pfalz, Germany | 2 | 54.71 January | 4.7× |
| KroměřížZlín, Czechia | 6 | 54.130 December | 4.7× |
| PilsenPlzeň Region, Czechia | 4 | 52.228 December | 4.7× |
| ZagrebZagreb, Croatia | 5 | 189.031 December | 4.6× |
| GoriziaFriuli Venezia Giulia, Italy | 2 | 80.12 January | 4.6× |
| Nova GoricaUrban Municipality of Nova Gorica, Slovenia | 2 | 80.12 January | 4.6× |
| HandlováTrenčín Region, Slovakia | 6 | 57.030 December | 4.6× |
| BratislavaBratislava Region, Slovakia | 5 | 54.629 December | 4.6× |
| MarignaneProvence-Alpes-Côte d'Azur, France | 6 | 47.330 December | 4.6× |
| NancyGrand Est, France | 1 | 39.228 December | 4.6× |
| KrosnoSubcarpathia, Poland | 1 | 32.427 December | 4.6× |
| Klagenfurt am WörtherseeCarinthia, Austria | 2 | 75.31 January | 4.5× |
| SenicaTrnava Region, Slovakia | 3 | 60.528 December | 4.5× |
| PraguePrague, Czechia | 6 | 48.029 December | 4.5× |
| VoitsbergStyria, Austria | 1 | 84.01 January | 4.4× |
| PřerovOlomouc Region, Czechia | 6 | 70.227 December | 4.4× |
| Jelenia GóraLower Silesia, Poland | 6 | 70.028 December | 4.4× |
| Banja LukaSrpska, Bosnia and Herzegovina | 4 | 228.030 December | 4.3× |
| OtwockMazovia, Poland | 5 | 99.324 December | 4.3× |
| KatowiceSilesia, Poland | 5 | 87.128 December | 4.3× |
| StuttgartBaden-Wurttemberg, Germany | 2 | 52.51 January | 4.3× |
| BurghausenBavaria, Germany | 2 | 45.31 January | 4.3× |
| Oettingen in BayernBavaria, Germany | 2 | 42.81 January | 4.3× |
| ZürichZurich, Switzerland | 1 | 42.41 January | 4.3× |
| GyőrGyőr-Moson-Sopron, Hungary | 6 | 75.630 December | 4.2× |
| LörrachBaden-Wurttemberg, Germany | 1 | 45.31 January | 4.2× |
| SallanchesAuvergne-Rhône-Alpes, France | 6 | 83.829 December | 4.1× |
| PassyAuvergne-Rhône-Alpes, France | 6 | 83.829 December | 4.1× |
| AthensAttica, Greece | 2 | 80.71 January | 4.1× |
| PezinokBratislava Region, Slovakia | 4 | 69.028 December | 4.1× |
| ŽilinaŽilina Region, Slovakia | 5 | 67.829 December | 4.1× |
| Neu-UlmBavaria, Germany | 1 | 45.91 January | 4.1× |
| LitvínovÚstí nad Labem Region, Czechia | 6 | 43.529 December | 4.1× |
| LudwigsburgBaden-Wurttemberg, Germany | 2 | 43.51 January | 4.1× |
| Salon-de-ProvenceProvence-Alpes-Côte d'Azur, France | 4 | 41.131 December | 4.1× |
| Bad VöslauLower Austria, Austria | 3 | 36.21 January | 4.1× |
| StarachowiceŚwiętokrzyskie, Poland | 3 | 73.726 December | 4.0× |
| OščadnicaŽilina Region, Slovakia | 6 | 59.528 December | 4.0× |
| ČadcaŽilina Region, Slovakia | 6 | 59.528 December | 4.0× |
| TepliceÚstí nad Labem Region, Czechia | 5 | 48.329 December | 4.0× |
| The HagueSouth Holland, The Netherlands | 2 | 36.21 January | 4.0× |
| ŁaskŁódź Voivodeship, Poland | 3 | 93.027 December | 3.9× |
| KielceŚwiętokrzyskie, Poland | 5 | 69.126 December | 3.9× |
| PúchovTrenčín Region, Slovakia | 5 | 62.929 December | 3.8× |
| KolárovoNitra Region, Slovakia | 4 | 62.029 December | 3.8× |
| TrnavaTrnava Region, Slovakia | 4 | 58.329 December | 3.8× |
| ŻaryLubusz, Poland | 3 | 51.528 December | 3.8× |
| KladnoCentral Bohemia, Czechia | 4 | 44.727 December | 3.8× |
| České BudějoviceSouth Bohemian Region, Czechia | 6 | 44.329 December | 3.8× |
| PforzheimBaden-Wurttemberg, Germany | 1 | 37.21 January | 3.8× |
| RodezOccitanie, France | 1 | 25.530 December | 3.8× |
| OlomoucOlomouc Region, Czechia | 4 | 56.430 December | 3.7× |
| Zell am SeeSalzburg, Austria | 1 | 34.51 January | 3.7× |
| Saalfelden am Steinernen MeerSalzburg, Austria | 1 | 34.51 January | 3.7× |
| HerrenbergBaden-Wurttemberg, Germany | 1 | 33.41 January | 3.7× |
| BogatyniaLower Silesia, Poland | 1 | 28.029 December | 3.7× |
| SarajevoFederation of B&H, Bosnia and Herzegovina | 5 | 197.01 January | 3.6× |
| RadomskoŁódź Voivodeship, Poland | 4 | 85.027 December | 3.6× |
| LjubljanaLjubljana, Slovenia | 6 | 71.21 January | 3.6× |
| Moravská TřebováPardubice Region, Czechia | 4 | 58.929 December | 3.6× |
| KreuzlingenThurgau, Switzerland | 1 | 38.91 January | 3.6× |
| KonstanzBaden-Wurttemberg, Germany | 1 | 38.91 January | 3.6× |
| BaselBasel-City, Switzerland | 1 | 38.71 January | 3.6× |
| Zagorje ob SaviMunicipality of Zagorje ob Savi, Slovenia | 6 | 72.031 December | 3.5× |
| PołaniecŚwiętokrzyskie, Poland | 4 | 68.130 December | 3.5× |
| WschowaLubusz, Poland | 3 | 60.428 December | 3.5× |
| MariborUrban Municipality of Maribor, Slovenia | 2 | 59.81 January | 3.5× |
| BerounCentral Bohemia, Czechia | 5 | 56.829 December | 3.5× |
| HeilbronnBaden-Wurttemberg, Germany | 1 | 50.21 January | 3.5× |
| DunaújvárosFejér, Hungary | 3 | 49.429 December | 3.5× |
| LinzUpper Austria, Austria | 4 | 48.11 January | 3.5× |
| LyonAuvergne-Rhône-Alpes, France | 3 | 46.127 December | 3.5× |
| PerchtoldsdorfLower Austria, Austria | 4 | 35.81 January | 3.5× |
| PopradPrešov Region, Slovakia | 1 | 34.329 December | 3.5× |
| Baden-BadenBaden-Wurttemberg, Germany | 1 | 30.81 January | 3.5× |
| Saint-DizierGrand Est, France | 1 | 27.228 December | 3.5× |
| MedemblikNorth Holland, The Netherlands | 1 | 26.028 December | 3.5× |
| MonsWallonia, Belgium | 1 | 25.028 December | 3.5× |
| Murska SobotaUrban Municipality of Murska Sobota, Slovenia | 4 | 90.531 December | 3.4× |
| WinterthurZurich, Switzerland | 2 | 84.21 January | 3.4× |
| Chorvátsky Grob - Čierna VodaBratislava Region, Slovakia | 4 | 45.228 December | 3.4× |
| GyálPest County, Hungary | 3 | 44.229 December | 3.4× |
| NîmesOccitanie, France | 4 | 42.331 December | 3.4× |
| PardubicePardubice Region, Czechia | 5 | 37.326 December | 3.4× |
| Zielona GóraLubusz, Poland | 1 | 36.528 December | 3.4× |
| ThionvilleGrand Est, France | 1 | 33.728 December | 3.4× |
| AnsbachBavaria, Germany | 2 | 33.71 January | 3.4× |
| GärtringenBaden-Wurttemberg, Germany | 1 | 33.41 January | 3.4× |
| Schwandorf in BayernBavaria, Germany | 1 | 29.71 January | 3.4× |
| Neustadt an der DonauBavaria, Germany | 1 | 29.01 January | 3.4× |
| ŠahyNitra Region, Slovakia | 4 | 100.029 December | 3.3× |
| ŽarnovicaBanská Bystrica Region, Slovakia | 2 | 85.329 December | 3.3× |
| PtujUrban Municipality of Ptuj, Slovenia | 4 | 81.131 December | 3.3× |
| CeljeUrban Municipality of Celje, Slovenia | 5 | 75.91 January | 3.3× |
| TrbovljeMunicipality of Trbovlje, Slovenia | 6 | 59.431 December | 3.3× |
| PécsBaranya, Hungary | 4 | 53.729 December | 3.3× |
| ArlesProvence-Alpes-Côte d'Azur, France | 4 | 49.631 December | 3.3× |
| PartizánskeTrenčín Region, Slovakia | 3 | 47.129 December | 3.3× |
| ZnojmoSouth Moravian, Czechia | 7 | 44.229 December | 3.3× |
| Hradec KrálovéHradec Králové Region, Czechia | 6 | 37.01 January | 3.3× |
| Saint-ÉtienneAuvergne-Rhône-Alpes, France | 1 | 32.530 December | 3.3× |
| LampertheimHesse, Germany | 2 | 32.428 December | 3.3× |
| WeidenBavaria, Germany | 1 | 31.41 January | 3.3× |
| Le HavreNormandy, France | 1 | 30.427 December | 3.3× |
| KelheimBavaria, Germany | 1 | 29.01 January | 3.3× |
| RixensartWallonia, Belgium | 1 | 27.828 December | 3.3× |
| Romans-sur-IsèreAuvergne-Rhône-Alpes, France | 4 | 54.727 December | 3.2× |
| TarbesOccitanie, France | 2 | 50.331 December | 3.2× |
| MontaubanOccitanie, France | 2 | 43.428 December | 3.2× |
| Attnang-PuchheimUpper Austria, Austria | 2 | 39.01 January | 3.2× |
| EnschedeOverijssel, The Netherlands | 1 | 29.61 January | 3.2× |
| NeuwiedRheinland-Pfalz, Germany | 1 | 27.229 December | 3.2× |
| LučenecBanská Bystrica Region, Slovakia | 3 | 70.529 December | 3.1× |
| InnsbruckTyrol, Austria | 1 | 43.21 January | 3.1× |
| LunévilleGrand Est, France | 1 | 34.428 December | 3.1× |
| FreiburgBaden-Wurttemberg, Germany | 1 | 28.41 January | 3.1× |
| Boulogne-sur-MerHauts-de-France, France | 1 | 27.928 December | 3.1× |
| ReimsGrand Est, France | 1 | 26.328 December | 3.1× |
| PoznańGreater Poland, Poland | 2 | 54.929 December | 3.0× |
| Bruck an der MurStyria, Austria | 1 | 47.51 January | 3.0× |
| KiefersfeldenBavaria, Germany | 1 | 44.01 January | 3.0× |
| MontbéliardBourgogne-Franche-Comté, France | 2 | 38.828 December | 3.0× |
| MontpellierOccitanie, France | 5 | 34.630 December | 3.0× |
| FriedrichshafenBaden-Wurttemberg, Germany | 1 | 33.91 January | 3.0× |
| RokycanyPlzeň Region, Czechia | 2 | 32.928 December | 3.0× |
| SenecBratislava Region, Slovakia | 4 | 31.528 December | 3.0× |
| MarseilleProvence-Alpes-Côte d'Azur, France | 2 | 30.031 December | 3.0× |
| Neuenburg am RheinBaden-Wurttemberg, Germany | 2 | 29.428 December | 3.0× |
| SinnersdorfNorth Rhine-Westphalia, Germany | 1 | 26.429 December | 3.0× |
| PulheimNorth Rhine-Westphalia, Germany | 1 | 26.429 December | 3.0× |
| RotterdamSouth Holland, The Netherlands | 1 | 25.829 December | 3.0× |
| MaldegemFlanders, Belgium | 1 | 25.829 December | 3.0× |
| DammeFlanders, Belgium | 1 | 25.829 December | 3.0× |
| LeverkusenNorth Rhine-Westphalia, Germany | 1 | 25.629 December | 3.0× |
| StodůlkyPrague, Czechia | 4 | 78.729 December | 2.9× |
| RadomMazovia, Poland | 2 | 57.026 December | 2.9× |
| ToruńKujawsko-Pomorskie, Poland | 1 | 46.329 December | 2.9× |
| ZvolenBanská Bystrica Region, Slovakia | 4 | 45.629 December | 2.9× |
| Hainburg an der DonauLower Austria, Austria | 4 | 37.830 December | 2.9× |
| ViennaVienna, Austria | 4 | 32.61 January | 2.9× |
| WelsUpper Austria, Austria | 2 | 31.81 January | 2.9× |
| GelsenkirchenNorth Rhine-Westphalia, Germany | 1 | 28.729 December | 2.9× |
| Clermont-FerrandAuvergne-Rhône-Alpes, France | 2 | 28.731 December | 2.9× |
| PérigueuxNew Aquitaine, France | 2 | 28.528 December | 2.9× |
| KaunasKaunas, Lithuania | 1 | 28.424 December | 2.9× |
| ÉpinalGrand Est, France | 1 | 26.227 December | 2.9× |
| DębicaSubcarpathia, Poland | 5 | 57.025 December | 2.8× |
| AugustówPodlasie, Poland | 2 | 54.225 December | 2.8× |
| CraiovaDolj, Romania | 2 | 54.01 January | 2.8× |
| LublinLublin, Poland | 2 | 48.226 December | 2.8× |
| SchwazTyrol, Austria | 1 | 38.21 January | 2.8× |
| Devínska Nová VesBratislava Region, Slovakia | 4 | 37.830 December | 2.8× |
| AnsfeldenUpper Austria, Austria | 3 | 37.71 January | 2.8× |
| ValenceAuvergne-Rhône-Alpes, France | 4 | 37.527 December | 2.8× |
| MalackyBratislava Region, Slovakia | 4 | 36.827 December | 2.8× |
| Mladá BoleslavCentral Bohemia, Czechia | 4 | 34.228 December | 2.8× |
| DattelnNorth Rhine-Westphalia, Germany | 1 | 28.329 December | 2.8× |
| MainzRheinland-Pfalz, Germany | 2 | 28.128 December | 2.8× |
| PylaíaCentral Macedonia, Greece | 1 | 27.31 January | 2.8× |
| BottropNorth Rhine-Westphalia, Germany | 1 | 26.929 December | 2.8× |
| SteyrUpper Austria, Austria | 1 | 26.41 January | 2.8× |
| Eggenstein-LeopoldshafenBaden-Wurttemberg, Germany | 1 | 25.31 January | 2.8× |
| ZelzateFlanders, Belgium | 1 | 25.028 December | 2.8× |
| DziałdowoWarmia-Masuria, Poland | 3 | 61.424 December | 2.7× |
| KrompachyKošice Region, Slovakia | 3 | 53.429 December | 2.7× |
| NiskoSubcarpathia, Poland | 3 | 51.630 December | 2.7× |
| PrievidzaTrenčín Region, Slovakia | 2 | 47.230 December | 2.7× |
| JenbachTyrol, Austria | 1 | 44.31 January | 2.7× |
| Banská BystricaBanská Bystrica Region, Slovakia | 5 | 39.61 January | 2.7× |
| EnnsUpper Austria, Austria | 3 | 37.71 January | 2.7× |
| PiraeusAttica, Greece | 2 | 37.03 January | 2.7× |
| MulhouseGrand Est, France | 2 | 34.828 December | 2.7× |
| Ústí nad LabemÚstí nad Labem Region, Czechia | 4 | 33.628 December | 2.7× |
| LindauBavaria, Germany | 1 | 32.51 January | 2.7× |
| TullnLower Austria, Austria | 2 | 32.11 January | 2.7× |
| Groß-EnzersdorfLower Austria, Austria | 3 | 30.830 December | 2.7× |
| LunelOccitanie, France | 1 | 30.431 December | 2.7× |
| WieslochBaden-Wurttemberg, Germany | 2 | 29.51 January | 2.7× |
| CreilHauts-de-France, France | 1 | 28.828 December | 2.7× |
| MödlingLower Austria, Austria | 3 | 28.131 December | 2.7× |
| LiberecLiberec Region, Czechia | 1 | 26.629 December | 2.7× |
| WiesbadenHesse, Germany | 1 | 26.61 January | 2.7× |
| RidderkerkSouth Holland, The Netherlands | 1 | 25.929 December | 2.7× |
| MünsterNorth Rhine-Westphalia, Germany | 1 | 25.329 December | 2.7× |
| DortmundNorth Rhine-Westphalia, Germany | 1 | 25.029 December | 2.7× |
| Skarżysko-KamiennaŚwiętokrzyskie, Poland | 1 | 70.126 December | 2.6× |
| Novo MestoUrban Municipality of Novo Mesto, Slovenia | 1 | 60.21 January | 2.6× |
| KutnoŁódź Voivodeship, Poland | 1 | 57.429 December | 2.6× |
| KrakówLesser Poland, Poland | 3 | 55.930 December | 2.6× |
| ŁódźŁódź Voivodeship, Poland | 3 | 52.929 December | 2.6× |
| TraunUpper Austria, Austria | 4 | 38.52 January | 2.6× |
| Schwäbisch HallBaden-Wurttemberg, Germany | 3 | 32.028 December | 2.6× |
| LourdesOccitanie, France | 2 | 30.330 December | 2.6× |
| MeyzieuAuvergne-Rhône-Alpes, France | 2 | 30.026 December | 2.6× |
| JonageAuvergne-Rhône-Alpes, France | 2 | 30.026 December | 2.6× |
| DüsseldorfNorth Rhine-Westphalia, Germany | 1 | 25.029 December | 2.6× |
| DimitrovgradHaskovo, Bulgaria | 2 | 59.81 January | 2.5× |
| WłocławekKujawsko-Pomorskie, Poland | 1 | 53.729 December | 2.5× |
| ZamośćLublin, Poland | 2 | 44.230 December | 2.5× |
| PłockMazovia, Poland | 1 | 36.029 December | 2.5× |
| Žiar nad HronomBanská Bystrica Region, Slovakia | 5 | 34.829 December | 2.5× |
| VarnaVarna, Bulgaria | 1 | 33.131 December | 2.5× |
| KlosterneuburgLower Austria, Austria | 2 | 32.031 December | 2.5× |
| Sankt ValentinLower Austria, Austria | 2 | 31.829 December | 2.5× |
| VillefontaineAuvergne-Rhône-Alpes, France | 2 | 31.427 December | 2.5× |
| L'Isle-d'AbeauAuvergne-Rhône-Alpes, France | 2 | 31.427 December | 2.5× |
| SchiedamSouth Holland, The Netherlands | 2 | 29.228 December | 2.5× |
| DillingenSaarland, Germany | 1 | 29.228 December | 2.5× |
| MaarssenUtrecht, The Netherlands | 2 | 28.729 December | 2.5× |
| BreukelenUtrecht, The Netherlands | 2 | 28.729 December | 2.5× |
| EschbornHesse, Germany | 1 | 28.51 January | 2.5× |
| LimogesNew Aquitaine, France | 1 | 27.831 December | 2.5× |
| Frankfurt am MainHesse, Germany | 2 | 27.01 January | 2.5× |
| CoulommiersÎle-de-France, France | 1 | 26.027 December | 2.5× |
| KasselHesse, Germany | 1 | 25.729 December | 2.5× |
| BarcelonaCatalonia, Spain | 1 | 25.131 December | 2.5× |
| DejCluj County, Romania | 1 | 90.228 December | 2.4× |
| ZgierzŁódź Voivodeship, Poland | 3 | 73.129 December | 2.4× |
| HnúšťaBanská Bystrica Region, Slovakia | 1 | 56.229 December | 2.4× |
| GrazStyria, Austria | 1 | 52.91 January | 2.4× |
| KranjUrban Municipality of Kranj, Slovenia | 4 | 50.431 December | 2.4× |
| RzeszówSubcarpathia, Poland | 2 | 45.825 December | 2.4× |
| WawerMazovia, Poland | 2 | 41.924 December | 2.4× |
| LiberpolisCounty of Osijek-Baranja, Croatia | 2 | 39.82 January | 2.4× |
| EisenstadtBurgenland, Austria | 3 | 37.030 December | 2.4× |
| LubskoLubusz, Poland | 2 | 34.029 December | 2.4× |
| ChojnówLower Silesia, Poland | 1 | 33.331 December | 2.4× |
| StrasbourgGrand Est, France | 2 | 30.828 December | 2.4× |
| JasłoSubcarpathia, Poland | 1 | 29.127 December | 2.4× |
| PułtuskMazovia, Poland | 1 | 29.029 December | 2.4× |
| SulzbachHesse, Germany | 1 | 28.51 January | 2.4× |
| Ludwigshafen am RheinRheinland-Pfalz, Germany | 3 | 27.61 January | 2.4× |
| MostÚstí nad Labem Region, Czechia | 3 | 27.329 December | 2.4× |
| AmstettenLower Austria, Austria | 2 | 26.81 January | 2.4× |
| ElsterwerdaBrandenburg, Germany | 1 | 25.129 December | 2.4× |
| HaskovoHaskovo, Bulgaria | 1 | 64.431 December | 2.3× |
| ThessaloníkiCentral Macedonia, Greece | 2 | 62.51 January | 2.3× |
| LeibnitzStyria, Austria | 1 | 50.61 January | 2.3× |
| Cluj-NapocaCluj County, Romania | 1 | 45.524 December | 2.3× |
| TarnówLesser Poland, Poland | 2 | 42.429 December | 2.3× |
| Konstancin-JeziornaMazovia, Poland | 1 | 40.424 December | 2.3× |
| PrzemyślSubcarpathia, Poland | 2 | 38.429 December | 2.3× |
| AlbertvilleAuvergne-Rhône-Alpes, France | 2 | 33.231 December | 2.3× |
| BensheimHesse, Germany | 1 | 27.61 January | 2.3× |
| ToulouseOccitanie, France | 2 | 26.028 December | 2.3× |
| SevlievoGabrovo, Bulgaria | 1 | 50.331 December | 2.2× |
| WolfsbergCarinthia, Austria | 1 | 43.11 January | 2.2× |
| AcharnésAttica, Greece | 1 | 42.13 January | 2.2× |
| MielecSubcarpathia, Poland | 4 | 38.230 December | 2.2× |
| KehlBaden-Wurttemberg, Germany | 4 | 27.431 December | 2.2× |
| KarlsruheBaden-Wurttemberg, Germany | 1 | 26.51 January | 2.2× |
| PátraWest Greece, Greece | 1 | 47.71 January | 2.1× |
| ŻyrardówMazovia, Poland | 2 | 40.824 December | 2.1× |
| SzegedCsongrád, Hungary | 1 | 32.528 December | 2.1× |
| ŚwiecieKujawsko-Pomorskie, Poland | 2 | 31.424 December | 2.1× |
| GiubiascoTicino, Switzerland | 1 | 30.71 January | 2.1× |
| BellinzonaTicino, Switzerland | 1 | 30.71 January | 2.1× |
| BydgoszczKujawsko-Pomorskie, Poland | 1 | 29.929 December | 2.1× |
| Villefranche-sur-SaôneAuvergne-Rhône-Alpes, France | 1 | 28.727 December | 2.1× |
| OlsztynWarmia-Masuria, Poland | 1 | 28.629 December | 2.1× |
| MannheimBaden-Wurttemberg, Germany | 3 | 28.131 December | 2.1× |
| CastresOccitanie, France | 1 | 27.927 December | 2.1× |
| GironaCatalonia, Spain | 1 | 27.931 December | 2.1× |
| PruszkówMazovia, Poland | 1 | 37.927 December | 2.0× |
| JarosławSubcarpathia, Poland | 1 | 35.524 December | 2.0× |
| DěčínÚstí nad Labem Region, Czechia | 1 | 34.226 December | 2.0× |
| WarsawMazovia, Poland | 1 | 33.029 December | 2.0× |
| BardejovPrešov Region, Slovakia | 1 | 27.829 December | 2.0× |
Daily means in µg/m³, over the days each city counted in this episode. Highest: its highest of those days. Usual: the city's median for the time of year of that day (its days within 21 days of the date, every year, leaving out the week around it). Above usual: its highest day against that, with a usual under 5 µg/m³ taken as 5.
Against other episodes in Germany and Poland
Number 11 of 65 episodes in Germany and Poland since our records began, by cities reached.
- Europe, 1 to 14 February 2025628
- Europe, January and February 2026625
- Europe, 14 February to 1 March 2025619
- Germany, Poland and 25 more countries, March 2025553
- Europe, 1 to 12 March 2026532
- Europe, 8 to 27 January 2024519
- Germany, France and 19 more countries, January 2025446
- Europe, 18 to 25 March 2026430
- Europe, March 2025401
- Europe, November 2024365
- Europe, 24 December 2024 to 3 January 2025327
- Europe, February and March 2024303
Bars: cities reached; colour: the level of the episode's highest daily reading. All 65.
Use this page
SmogRank, Europe, 24 December 2024 to 3 January 2025: 327 cities with PM2.5 at twice their usual or more, 24 December 2024 to 3 January 2025, smogrank.com/episodes/2024-12-24-europe (accessed 5 October 2026).
You're welcome to reuse a single chart, image or figure with this citation and a link. Terms.
An episode is a run of days when many cities close to each other (four or more within 350 km on a day, 8 or more in all) each had a daily PM2.5 mean of at least 25 µg/m³ and at least 2 times their usual for that time of year. Found in our own measurements, not picked by hand. How we find episodes. Values are each city's daily mean of its own monitors; causes are the usual kinds for a pattern like this, not a confirmed source.