Central Europe, February and March 2025
For 16 days, from 14 February to 1 March 2025, 513 cities in Germany, France, Poland and 25 more countries had PM2.5 at least twice their usual for the time of year. The worst reading was Krotoszyn, Greater Poland, Poland: 178.0 µg/m³ on 17 February, about 4.9× its usual 36.0.
Day by day
How it spread
Every city it reached
| City | Days | Highest | Above usual |
|---|---|---|---|
| KoperUrban Municipality of Koper, Slovenia | 4 | 87.224 February | 7.8× |
| Saint HelierSt Helier, Jersey | 5 | 35.94 March | 7.2× |
| DimitrovgradHaskovo, Bulgaria | 6 | 86.026 February | 7.0× |
| VantaaUusimaa, Finland | 1 | 36.324 February | 6.8× |
| KlaukkalaUusimaa, Finland | 1 | 33.424 February | 6.7× |
| HelsinkiUusimaa, Finland | 1 | 37.124 February | 6.6× |
| LubnjowBrandenburg, Germany | 3 | 58.813 February | 6.5× |
| KaunasKaunas, Lithuania | 2 | 70.416 February | 6.5× |
| MyyrmäkiUusimaa, Finland | 1 | 37.124 February | 6.4× |
| LohjaUusimaa, Finland | 1 | 31.924 February | 6.4× |
| VisbyGotland, Sweden | 3 | 48.323 February | 6.4× |
| HattingenNorth Rhine-Westphalia, Germany | 1 | 52.813 February | 6.0× |
| BirminghamEngland, United Kingdom | 6 | 49.319 February | 5.9× |
| HeerlenLimburg, The Netherlands | 1 | 40.513 February | 5.9× |
| KoksijdeFlanders, Belgium | 4 | 43.311 February | 5.6× |
| RatingenNorth Rhine-Westphalia, Germany | 1 | 51.013 February | 5.6× |
| RadomskoŁódź Voivodeship, Poland | 4 | 127.017 February | 5.6× |
| KadaňÚstí nad Labem Region, Czechia | 4 | 57.821 February | 5.6× |
| VenrayLimburg, The Netherlands | 1 | 47.113 February | 5.5× |
| CodleaBrașov County, Romania | 4 | 98.524 February | 5.5× |
| AltenburgThuringia, Germany | 1 | 52.213 February | 5.5× |
| KöthenSaxony-Anhalt, Germany | 2 | 59.513 February | 5.5× |
| LouviersNormandy, France | 5 | 35.714 February | 5.4× |
| AndenneWallonia, Belgium | 1 | 30.813 February | 5.4× |
| DüsseldorfNorth Rhine-Westphalia, Germany | 2 | 56.513 February | 5.4× |
| WuppertalNorth Rhine-Westphalia, Germany | 1 | 53.713 February | 5.4× |
| ŻaryLubusz, Poland | 5 | 66.617 February | 5.3× |
| KasselHesse, Germany | 2 | 61.813 February | 5.3× |
| WeißenfelsSaxony-Anhalt, Germany | 4 | 64.813 February | 5.3× |
| The HagueSouth Holland, The Netherlands | 1 | 47.34 March | 5.3× |
| LeverkusenNorth Rhine-Westphalia, Germany | 1 | 50.413 February | 5.3× |
| JülichNorth Rhine-Westphalia, Germany | 1 | 48.113 February | 5.2× |
| TřinecMoravian-Silesian Region, Czechia | 5 | 82.411 February | 5.2× |
| PoriSatakunta, Finland | 1 | 30.723 February | 5.2× |
| BotevgradSofia, Bulgaria | 6 | 100.428 February | 5.2× |
| MönchengladbachNorth Rhine-Westphalia, Germany | 1 | 48.813 February | 5.2× |
| EupenWallonia, Belgium | 1 | 33.213 February | 5.2× |
| BonnNorth Rhine-Westphalia, Germany | 2 | 47.713 February | 5.2× |
| Bourg-en-BresseAuvergne-Rhône-Alpes, France | 3 | 49.718 February | 5.2× |
| KalmarKalmar, Sweden | 3 | 39.222 February | 5.2× |
| WeselNorth Rhine-Westphalia, Germany | 1 | 53.513 February | 5.1× |
| KristiansandAgder, Norway | 1 | 36.022 February | 5.1× |
| CreilHauts-de-France, France | 7 | 43.014 February | 5.1× |
| MeyzieuAuvergne-Rhône-Alpes, France | 4 | 52.018 February | 5.1× |
| ZaventemFlanders, Belgium | 3 | 45.314 February | 5.1× |
| Königs WusterhausenBrandenburg, Germany | 1 | 56.213 February | 5.1× |
| LuckenwaldeBrandenburg, Germany | 2 | 55.413 February | 5.0× |
| LahtiPaijat-Hame, Finland | 1 | 25.124 February | 5.0× |
| BottropNorth Rhine-Westphalia, Germany | 1 | 53.913 February | 5.0× |
| EssenNorth Rhine-Westphalia, Germany | 1 | 50.413 February | 5.0× |
| WarsteinNorth Rhine-Westphalia, Germany | 1 | 49.213 February | 5.0× |
| Hansestadt SalzwedelSaxony-Anhalt, Germany | 2 | 45.713 February | 5.0× |
| JüchenNorth Rhine-Westphalia, Germany | 1 | 48.113 February | 5.0× |
| KrefeldNorth Rhine-Westphalia, Germany | 3 | 57.413 February | 4.9× |
| KrotoszynGreater Poland, Poland | 2 | 178.017 February | 4.9× |
| MaldegemFlanders, Belgium | 4 | 44.414 February | 4.9× |
| DuisburgNorth Rhine-Westphalia, Germany | 1 | 51.813 February | 4.9× |
| TumbaStockholm, Sweden | 3 | 32.522 February | 4.9× |
| FalkenseeBrandenburg, Germany | 1 | 51.113 February | 4.9× |
| BéthuneHauts-de-France, France | 5 | 41.614 February | 4.9× |
| KölnNorth Rhine-Westphalia, Germany | 1 | 51.413 February | 4.8× |
| NijmegenGelderland, The Netherlands | 1 | 47.513 February | 4.8× |
| OberhausenNorth Rhine-Westphalia, Germany | 1 | 53.813 February | 4.8× |
| SuwałkiPodlasie, Poland | 4 | 71.027 February | 4.8× |
| ÉtampesÎle-de-France, France | 2 | 30.914 February | 4.8× |
| DomontÎle-de-France, France | 2 | 31.314 February | 4.8× |
| VenloLimburg, The Netherlands | 1 | 48.413 February | 4.8× |
| LyonAuvergne-Rhône-Alpes, France | 5 | 52.618 February | 4.8× |
| RoeselareFlanders, Belgium | 6 | 47.714 February | 4.8× |
| EisenhüttenstadtBrandenburg, Germany | 3 | 59.913 February | 4.8× |
| GabrovoGabrovo, Bulgaria | 7 | 63.728 February | 4.8× |
| Baden-BadenBaden-Wurttemberg, Germany | 2 | 36.514 February | 4.7× |
| HagenNorth Rhine-Westphalia, Germany | 1 | 55.913 February | 4.7× |
| StockholmStockholm, Sweden | 1 | 25.122 February | 4.7× |
| Le HavreNormandy, France | 6 | 39.214 February | 4.7× |
| EisenachThuringia, Germany | 1 | 45.813 February | 4.7× |
| KortrijkFlanders, Belgium | 5 | 42.914 February | 4.7× |
| StrausbergBrandenburg, Germany | 2 | 52.813 February | 4.7× |
| DreuxCentre-Val de Loire, France | 6 | 33.914 February | 4.7× |
| MeiningenThuringia, Germany | 2 | 33.921 February | 4.7× |
| ElblągWarmia-Masuria, Poland | 5 | 79.527 February | 4.7× |
| CherbourgNormandy, France | 5 | 31.518 February | 4.7× |
| PristinaPristina, Kosovo | 8 | 66.811 February | 4.7× |
| PotsdamBrandenburg, Germany | 1 | 52.313 February | 4.7× |
| Flémalle-HauteWallonia, Belgium | 1 | 28.414 February | 4.7× |
| BredaNorth Brabant, The Netherlands | 2 | 39.113 February | 4.7× |
| MechelenFlanders, Belgium | 3 | 44.614 February | 4.6× |
| GrimbergenFlanders, Belgium | 4 | 46.914 February | 4.6× |
| DunkirkHauts-de-France, France | 6 | 48.611 February | 4.6× |
| VentspilsVentspils, Latvia | 2 | 54.624 February | 4.6× |
| PulheimNorth Rhine-Westphalia, Germany | 1 | 49.013 February | 4.6× |
| HouthalenFlanders, Belgium | 4 | 45.214 February | 4.6× |
| KonstanzBaden-Wurttemberg, Germany | 4 | 49.211 February | 4.6× |
| MedemblikNorth Holland, The Netherlands | 1 | 41.812 February | 4.6× |
| LochristiFlanders, Belgium | 5 | 45.314 February | 4.6× |
| GentFlanders, Belgium | 3 | 43.414 February | 4.6× |
| AmiensHauts-de-France, France | 3 | 37.914 February | 4.6× |
| RambouilletÎle-de-France, France | 6 | 35.514 February | 4.6× |
| LindauBavaria, Germany | 3 | 53.211 February | 4.5× |
| EłkWarmia-Masuria, Poland | 6 | 72.627 February | 4.5× |
| Bitterfeld-WolfenSaxony-Anhalt, Germany | 2 | 55.313 February | 4.5× |
| TravnikFederation of B&H, Bosnia and Herzegovina | 3 | 124.012 February | 4.5× |
| Villefranche-sur-SaôneAuvergne-Rhône-Alpes, France | 5 | 48.418 February | 4.5× |
| Burg bei MagdeburgSaxony-Anhalt, Germany | 1 | 46.913 February | 4.5× |
| NordhausenThuringia, Germany | 1 | 49.113 February | 4.5× |
| ŚwinoujścieWest Pomerania, Poland | 3 | 54.412 February | 4.5× |
| WeimarThuringia, Germany | 1 | 53.013 February | 4.5× |
| MariborUrban Municipality of Maribor, Slovenia | 5 | 73.223 February | 4.5× |
| BarneveldGelderland, The Netherlands | 2 | 42.213 February | 4.5× |
| MagdeburgSaxony-Anhalt, Germany | 2 | 56.113 February | 4.5× |
| DieppeNormandy, France | 2 | 36.314 February | 4.5× |
| Saint-ÉtienneAuvergne-Rhône-Alpes, France | 2 | 37.618 February | 4.5× |
| NamurWallonia, Belgium | 1 | 25.913 February | 4.5× |
| CottbusBrandenburg, Germany | 3 | 52.113 February | 4.5× |
| AmsterdamNorth Holland, The Netherlands | 1 | 45.413 February | 4.5× |
| CaenNormandy, France | 5 | 30.718 February | 4.4× |
| AarschotFlanders, Belgium | 1 | 40.814 February | 4.4× |
| SevlievoGabrovo, Bulgaria | 8 | 69.025 February | 4.4× |
| BrusselsBrussels Capital, Belgium | 2 | 36.714 February | 4.4× |
| BexleyEngland, United Kingdom | 3 | 35.319 February | 4.4× |
| AachenNorth Rhine-Westphalia, Germany | 1 | 37.513 February | 4.4× |
| FriedrichshafenBaden-Wurttemberg, Germany | 6 | 50.611 February | 4.4× |
| MoulinsAuvergne-Rhône-Alpes, France | 4 | 43.117 February | 4.4× |
| DouaiHauts-de-France, France | 5 | 42.214 February | 4.4× |
| Eggenstein-LeopoldshafenBaden-Wurttemberg, Germany | 2 | 36.814 February | 4.4× |
| HasseltFlanders, Belgium | 1 | 40.014 February | 4.3× |
| NeuwiedRheinland-Pfalz, Germany | 3 | 47.214 February | 4.3× |
| ÉvreuxNormandy, France | 6 | 34.214 February | 4.3× |
| DenainHauts-de-France, France | 3 | 37.214 February | 4.3× |
| GoriziaFriuli Venezia Giulia, Italy | 5 | 64.023 February | 4.3× |
| FriesoytheLower Saxony, Germany | 1 | 45.813 February | 4.3× |
| RotterdamSouth Holland, The Netherlands | 1 | 44.34 March | 4.3× |
| ParisÎle-de-France, France | 6 | 38.714 February | 4.3× |
| WillebroekFlanders, Belgium | 2 | 40.414 February | 4.3× |
| GothenburgVästra Götaland, Sweden | 2 | 26.221 February | 4.3× |
| HaskovoHaskovo, Bulgaria | 6 | 67.825 February | 4.3× |
| OpavaMoravian-Silesian Region, Czechia | 5 | 64.911 February | 4.3× |
| TournaiWallonia, Belgium | 2 | 32.014 February | 4.3× |
| GreizThuringia, Germany | 2 | 44.713 February | 4.3× |
| ReimsGrand Est, France | 5 | 36.114 February | 4.2× |
| Blankenfelde-MahlowBrandenburg, Germany | 1 | 53.013 February | 4.2× |
| KoblenzRheinland-Pfalz, Germany | 3 | 43.114 February | 4.2× |
| VichyAuvergne-Rhône-Alpes, France | 3 | 28.618 February | 4.2× |
| BeverenFlanders, Belgium | 3 | 41.914 February | 4.2× |
| VillefontaineAuvergne-Rhône-Alpes, France | 4 | 39.317 February | 4.2× |
| České BudějoviceSouth Bohemian Region, Czechia | 5 | 53.423 February | 4.2× |
| KarlsruheBaden-Wurttemberg, Germany | 4 | 43.214 February | 4.2× |
| Frankfurt (Oder)Brandenburg, Germany | 2 | 56.013 February | 4.1× |
| BendorfRheinland-Pfalz, Germany | 1 | 25.320 February | 4.1× |
| BohumínMoravian-Silesian Region, Czechia | 5 | 82.418 February | 4.1× |
| IzegemFlanders, Belgium | 4 | 45.914 February | 4.1× |
| GiżyckoWarmia-Masuria, Poland | 4 | 64.527 February | 4.1× |
| PraguePrague, Czechia | 7 | 54.123 February | 4.1× |
| PforzheimBaden-Wurttemberg, Germany | 4 | 36.714 February | 4.1× |
| MalmöSkåne, Sweden | 2 | 32.122 February | 4.1× |
| PurmerendNorth Holland, The Netherlands | 1 | 41.913 February | 4.1× |
| MolFlanders, Belgium | 2 | 40.013 February | 4.1× |
| KleinmachnowBrandenburg, Germany | 1 | 40.013 February | 4.1× |
| AntwerpFlanders, Belgium | 3 | 41.614 February | 4.1× |
| LiègeWallonia, Belgium | 1 | 31.413 February | 4.1× |
| Saint-QuentinHauts-de-France, France | 2 | 34.214 February | 4.1× |
| TepliceÚstí nad Labem Region, Czechia | 3 | 58.221 February | 4.1× |
| Brandenburg an der HavelBrandenburg, Germany | 2 | 49.113 February | 4.1× |
| CiechanówMazovia, Poland | 5 | 90.824 February | 4.1× |
| RennesBrittany, France | 3 | 34.817 February | 4.0× |
| Boulogne-sur-MerHauts-de-France, France | 4 | 35.511 February | 4.0× |
| CharleroiWallonia, Belgium | 1 | 29.013 February | 4.0× |
| WittenbergeBrandenburg, Germany | 2 | 44.713 February | 4.0× |
| NauenBrandenburg, Germany | 1 | 49.013 February | 4.0× |
| SokolovCarlsbad Region, Czechia | 2 | 34.122 February | 4.0× |
| MostÚstí nad Labem Region, Czechia | 6 | 48.521 February | 4.0× |
| NeuruppinBrandenburg, Germany | 1 | 46.413 February | 4.0× |
| OtwockMazovia, Poland | 8 | 108.017 February | 4.0× |
| PoznańGreater Poland, Poland | 5 | 98.517 February | 4.0× |
| BellinzonaTicino, Switzerland | 7 | 48.418 February | 4.0× |
| PezinokBratislava Region, Slovakia | 5 | 52.324 February | 4.0× |
| LinköpingÖstergötland, Sweden | 1 | 28.821 February | 3.9× |
| ChartresCentre-Val de Loire, France | 5 | 32.614 February | 3.9× |
| EindhovenNorth Brabant, The Netherlands | 2 | 43.213 February | 3.9× |
| MonsWallonia, Belgium | 2 | 30.614 February | 3.9× |
| MenenFlanders, Belgium | 5 | 38.814 February | 3.9× |
| AlençonNormandy, France | 3 | 30.517 February | 3.9× |
| MarktredwitzBavaria, Germany | 5 | 41.321 February | 3.9× |
| ValenciaValencia, Spain | 1 | 32.717 February | 3.9× |
| OstravaMoravian-Silesian Region, Czechia | 5 | 69.117 February | 3.9× |
| RidderkerkSouth Holland, The Netherlands | 1 | 41.913 February | 3.9× |
| WittenbergSaxony-Anhalt, Germany | 2 | 66.013 February | 3.9× |
| SarpsborgØstfold, Norway | 1 | 38.217 February | 3.9× |
| RouenNormandy, France | 5 | 37.814 February | 3.9× |
| JarosławSubcarpathia, Poland | 4 | 79.018 February | 3.9× |
| StabroekFlanders, Belgium | 3 | 38.914 February | 3.9× |
| CarlowLeinster, Ireland | 1 | 26.018 February | 3.8× |
| KapellenFlanders, Belgium | 2 | 40.114 February | 3.8× |
| EvergemFlanders, Belgium | 4 | 39.714 February | 3.8× |
| NeubrandenburgMecklenburg-Vorpommern, Germany | 3 | 51.513 February | 3.8× |
| SchwerinMecklenburg-Vorpommern, Germany | 2 | 46.813 February | 3.8× |
| Bernau bei BerlinBrandenburg, Germany | 1 | 48.513 February | 3.8× |
| MontargisCentre-Val de Loire, France | 4 | 29.514 February | 3.8× |
| Villingen-SchwenningenBaden-Wurttemberg, Germany | 1 | 27.220 February | 3.8× |
| ZwijndrechtFlanders, Belgium | 3 | 38.514 February | 3.8× |
| UtrechtUtrecht, The Netherlands | 1 | 36.64 March | 3.8× |
| Bad KreuznachRheinland-Pfalz, Germany | 4 | 48.221 February | 3.8× |
| KaliszGreater Poland, Poland | 3 | 111.017 February | 3.8× |
| TilburgNorth Brabant, The Netherlands | 3 | 41.313 February | 3.8× |
| RixensartWallonia, Belgium | 3 | 32.613 February | 3.7× |
| LublinLublin, Poland | 9 | 86.527 February | 3.7× |
| Schwedt (Oder)Brandenburg, Germany | 3 | 49.413 February | 3.7× |
| WawerMazovia, Poland | 9 | 66.924 February | 3.7× |
| BadenLower Austria, Austria | 3 | 33.223 February | 3.7× |
| BloisCentre-Val de Loire, France | 4 | 31.317 February | 3.7× |
| StarachowiceŚwiętokrzyskie, Poland | 8 | 77.217 February | 3.7× |
| ŁaskŁódź Voivodeship, Poland | 6 | 97.417 February | 3.7× |
| MetzGrand Est, France | 1 | 36.220 February | 3.7× |
| OldenburgLower Saxony, Germany | 1 | 44.313 February | 3.7× |
| CoulommiersÎle-de-France, France | 6 | 38.714 February | 3.7× |
| Biberach an der RißBaden-Wurttemberg, Germany | 3 | 37.211 February | 3.7× |
| MühlhausenThuringia, Germany | 2 | 48.113 February | 3.7× |
| LiepājaLiepaja, Latvia | 2 | 60.924 February | 3.7× |
| KehlBaden-Wurttemberg, Germany | 5 | 38.814 February | 3.7× |
| PtujUrban Municipality of Ptuj, Slovenia | 4 | 78.324 February | 3.6× |
| WismarMecklenburg-Vorpommern, Germany | 2 | 40.013 February | 3.6× |
| ValenciennesHauts-de-France, France | 1 | 35.614 February | 3.6× |
| WürzburgBavaria, Germany | 3 | 40.721 February | 3.6× |
| LitvínovÚstí nad Labem Region, Czechia | 4 | 55.821 February | 3.6× |
| AuxerreBourgogne-Franche-Comté, France | 4 | 30.218 February | 3.6× |
| OpoleOpole Voivodeship, Poland | 5 | 89.520 February | 3.6× |
| BiałystokPodlasie, Poland | 5 | 60.020 February | 3.6× |
| OlivetCentre-Val de Loire, France | 5 | 28.717 February | 3.6× |
| BaselBasel-City, Switzerland | 3 | 35.120 February | 3.6× |
| LübeckSchleswig-Holstein, Germany | 2 | 33.313 February | 3.6× |
| HeidelbergBaden-Wurttemberg, Germany | 2 | 32.914 February | 3.6× |
| Frýdek-MístekMoravian-Silesian Region, Czechia | 2 | 59.017 February | 3.6× |
| SpeyerRheinland-Pfalz, Germany | 3 | 50.011 February | 3.6× |
| FreiburgBaden-Wurttemberg, Germany | 2 | 27.516 February | 3.6× |
| FutogVojvodina, Serbia | 6 | 70.224 February | 3.6× |
| Novo MestoUrban Municipality of Novo Mesto, Slovenia | 3 | 79.824 February | 3.6× |
| MossØstfold, Norway | 1 | 31.322 February | 3.6× |
| SiedlceMazovia, Poland | 6 | 80.724 February | 3.6× |
| PilsenPlzeň Region, Czechia | 2 | 52.521 February | 3.5× |
| WieslochBaden-Wurttemberg, Germany | 2 | 34.011 February | 3.5× |
| LondonEngland, United Kingdom | 3 | 31.819 February | 3.5× |
| StralsundMecklenburg-Vorpommern, Germany | 3 | 38.513 February | 3.5× |
| BratislavaBratislava Region, Slovakia | 7 | 42.724 February | 3.5× |
| SmederevoCentral Serbia, Serbia | 4 | 99.125 February | 3.5× |
| MainzRheinland-Pfalz, Germany | 3 | 48.321 February | 3.5× |
| Romans-sur-IsèreAuvergne-Rhône-Alpes, France | 5 | 44.418 February | 3.5× |
| GrazStyria, Austria | 5 | 63.023 February | 3.5× |
| Klagenfurt am WörtherseeCarinthia, Austria | 4 | 46.812 February | 3.5× |
| Banja LukaSrpska, Bosnia and Herzegovina | 4 | 179.013 February | 3.5× |
| KrosnoSubcarpathia, Poland | 4 | 48.618 February | 3.5× |
| CalaisHauts-de-France, France | 4 | 37.919 February | 3.5× |
| MichelstadtHesse, Germany | 2 | 29.211 February | 3.5× |
| ZürichZurich, Switzerland | 2 | 32.911 February | 3.5× |
| ÉpinalGrand Est, France | 5 | 31.119 February | 3.5× |
| MontluçonAuvergne-Rhône-Alpes, France | 1 | 25.917 February | 3.5× |
| AnsbachBavaria, Germany | 5 | 40.020 February | 3.4× |
| SereďTrnava Region, Slovakia | 4 | 41.024 February | 3.4× |
| WormsRheinland-Pfalz, Germany | 3 | 52.111 February | 3.4× |
| GraysEngland, United Kingdom | 2 | 30.519 February | 3.4× |
| VannesBrittany, France | 3 | 30.517 February | 3.4× |
| BourgesCentre-Val de Loire, France | 4 | 30.417 February | 3.4× |
| AngoulêmeNew Aquitaine, France | 1 | 26.217 February | 3.4× |
| BambergBavaria, Germany | 3 | 38.121 February | 3.4× |
| AvignonProvence-Alpes-Côte d'Azur, France | 3 | 39.618 February | 3.4× |
| SteyrUpper Austria, Austria | 5 | 40.923 February | 3.4× |
| MaarssenUtrecht, The Netherlands | 1 | 41.513 February | 3.4× |
| CeljeUrban Municipality of Celje, Slovenia | 4 | 79.624 February | 3.4× |
| WarsawMazovia, Poland | 8 | 68.824 February | 3.4× |
| NîmesOccitanie, France | 2 | 32.718 February | 3.4× |
| ŚwiecieKujawsko-Pomorskie, Poland | 3 | 61.027 February | 3.4× |
| PoitiersNew Aquitaine, France | 2 | 30.317 February | 3.4× |
| FilderstadtBaden-Wurttemberg, Germany | 4 | 38.711 February | 3.4× |
| WolfsbergCarinthia, Austria | 3 | 47.112 February | 3.4× |
| ValenceAuvergne-Rhône-Alpes, France | 4 | 36.918 February | 3.4× |
| BensheimHesse, Germany | 3 | 36.211 February | 3.4× |
| PassauBavaria, Germany | 3 | 46.223 February | 3.3× |
| 's-GravenzandeSouth Holland, The Netherlands | 1 | 38.513 February | 3.3× |
| OlsztynWarmia-Masuria, Poland | 5 | 56.524 February | 3.3× |
| Bielsko-BialaSilesia, Poland | 4 | 91.918 February | 3.3× |
| FuldaHesse, Germany | 3 | 35.613 February | 3.3× |
| TeltowBrandenburg, Germany | 1 | 52.913 February | 3.3× |
| Velsen-ZuidNorth Holland, The Netherlands | 1 | 39.913 February | 3.3× |
| StrasbourgGrand Est, France | 3 | 37.514 February | 3.3× |
| WiesbadenHesse, Germany | 3 | 35.521 February | 3.3× |
| RzeszówSubcarpathia, Poland | 6 | 74.628 February | 3.3× |
| SulechówLubusz, Poland | 5 | 48.517 February | 3.3× |
| KłodzkoLower Silesia, Poland | 5 | 97.811 February | 3.3× |
| BadhoevedorpNorth Holland, The Netherlands | 1 | 41.813 February | 3.3× |
| Zielona GóraLubusz, Poland | 3 | 47.712 February | 3.3× |
| BerlinState of Berlin, Germany | 1 | 50.913 February | 3.3× |
| HamburgHamburg, Germany | 2 | 43.013 February | 3.3× |
| StuttgartBaden-Wurttemberg, Germany | 4 | 37.714 February | 3.3× |
| LiberecLiberec Region, Czechia | 5 | 38.014 February | 3.3× |
| RuseRuse, Bulgaria | 4 | 58.924 February | 3.3× |
| NiortNew Aquitaine, France | 1 | 25.517 February | 3.3× |
| WelsUpper Austria, Austria | 3 | 49.023 February | 3.3× |
| TrierRheinland-Pfalz, Germany | 3 | 33.914 February | 3.3× |
| KladnoCentral Bohemia, Czechia | 5 | 36.522 February | 3.3× |
| KomárnoNitra Region, Slovakia | 1 | 47.924 February | 3.3× |
| GüstrowMecklenburg-Vorpommern, Germany | 2 | 37.713 February | 3.3× |
| ŽilinaŽilina Region, Slovakia | 2 | 57.124 February | 3.2× |
| LampertheimHesse, Germany | 3 | 38.611 February | 3.2× |
| IJsselsteinUtrecht, The Netherlands | 2 | 34.913 February | 3.2× |
| Czechowice-DziedziceSilesia, Poland | 7 | 82.218 February | 3.2× |
| AnnemasseAuvergne-Rhône-Alpes, France | 6 | 38.619 February | 3.2× |
| Jelenia GóraLower Silesia, Poland | 6 | 65.920 February | 3.2× |
| BernBern, Switzerland | 4 | 30.219 February | 3.2× |
| HattersheimHesse, Germany | 1 | 31.811 February | 3.2× |
| GdańskPomerania, Poland | 5 | 48.823 February | 3.2× |
| Neu-UlmBavaria, Germany | 4 | 36.820 February | 3.2× |
| HeilbronnBaden-Wurttemberg, Germany | 5 | 37.114 February | 3.2× |
| ReutlingenBaden-Wurttemberg, Germany | 3 | 34.211 February | 3.2× |
| Novi SadVojvodina, Serbia | 4 | 62.024 February | 3.2× |
| HerrenbergBaden-Wurttemberg, Germany | 3 | 29.419 February | 3.2× |
| MunichBavaria, Germany | 2 | 33.122 February | 3.2× |
| TarragonaCatalonia, Spain | 1 | 27.317 February | 3.2× |
| ChâteaurouxCentre-Val de Loire, France | 4 | 29.817 February | 3.2× |
| BremenBremen, Germany | 1 | 35.813 February | 3.2× |
| PožarevacCentral Serbia, Serbia | 1 | 66.525 February | 3.2× |
| LorientBrittany, France | 2 | 28.817 February | 3.2× |
| RostockMecklenburg-Vorpommern, Germany | 2 | 37.613 February | 3.2× |
| TraunUpper Austria, Austria | 3 | 53.723 February | 3.2× |
| TrbovljeMunicipality of Trbovlje, Slovenia | 3 | 58.724 February | 3.2× |
| LörrachBaden-Wurttemberg, Germany | 3 | 31.820 February | 3.1× |
| DarmstadtHesse, Germany | 3 | 34.311 February | 3.1× |
| AugustówPodlasie, Poland | 6 | 66.027 February | 3.1× |
| ZamośćLublin, Poland | 5 | 68.426 February | 3.1× |
| AalenBaden-Wurttemberg, Germany | 2 | 32.611 February | 3.1× |
| UlmBaden-Wurttemberg, Germany | 5 | 38.411 February | 3.1× |
| ŠabacCentral Serbia, Serbia | 3 | 129.024 February | 3.1× |
| Marburg an der LahnHesse, Germany | 1 | 31.713 February | 3.1× |
| SenicaTrnava Region, Slovakia | 2 | 43.724 February | 3.1× |
| LudwigsburgBaden-Wurttemberg, Germany | 3 | 35.211 February | 3.1× |
| SchiedamSouth Holland, The Netherlands | 4 | 37.913 February | 3.1× |
| ArlesProvence-Alpes-Côte d'Azur, France | 3 | 36.318 February | 3.1× |
| ZnojmoSouth Moravian, Czechia | 4 | 41.523 February | 3.1× |
| TübingenBaden-Wurttemberg, Germany | 5 | 40.211 February | 3.1× |
| KielceŚwiętokrzyskie, Poland | 5 | 68.726 February | 3.1× |
| LinzUpper Austria, Austria | 2 | 47.823 February | 3.1× |
| OrléansCentre-Val de Loire, France | 6 | 30.917 February | 3.1× |
| GroßostheimBavaria, Germany | 4 | 33.921 February | 3.1× |
| SarajevoFederation of B&H, Bosnia and Herzegovina | 3 | 107.011 February | 3.0× |
| SenecBratislava Region, Slovakia | 2 | 41.124 February | 3.0× |
| HalstenbekSchleswig-Holstein, Germany | 1 | 41.113 February | 3.0× |
| FredrikstadØstfold, Norway | 1 | 30.717 February | 3.0× |
| BelgradeCentral Serbia, Serbia | 4 | 72.925 February | 3.0× |
| MiskolcBorsod-Abaúj-Zemplén, Hungary | 6 | 80.411 February | 3.0× |
| KaiserslauternRheinland-Pfalz, Germany | 2 | 31.820 February | 3.0× |
| AnsfeldenUpper Austria, Austria | 2 | 45.023 February | 3.0× |
| Schwandorf in BayernBavaria, Germany | 4 | 31.423 February | 3.0× |
| AugsburgBavaria, Germany | 2 | 32.322 February | 3.0× |
| RiedstadtHesse, Germany | 2 | 35.011 February | 3.0× |
| Saint-DizierGrand Est, France | 1 | 25.319 February | 3.0× |
| DoleBourgogne-Franche-Comté, France | 3 | 28.917 February | 3.0× |
| KutnoŁódź Voivodeship, Poland | 4 | 68.117 February | 3.0× |
| GyálPest County, Hungary | 6 | 46.211 February | 3.0× |
| NiskoSubcarpathia, Poland | 4 | 68.026 February | 3.0× |
| BrnoSouth Moravian, Czechia | 3 | 44.911 February | 3.0× |
| UžiceCentral Serbia, Serbia | 2 | 116.013 February | 3.0× |
| LleidaCatalonia, Spain | 1 | 31.317 February | 3.0× |
| JasłoSubcarpathia, Poland | 4 | 46.527 February | 3.0× |
| PančevoVojvodina, Serbia | 4 | 80.725 February | 3.0× |
| Žiar nad HronomBanská Bystrica Region, Slovakia | 2 | 38.424 February | 3.0× |
| BerounCentral Bohemia, Czechia | 2 | 49.722 February | 3.0× |
| BogatyniaLower Silesia, Poland | 2 | 32.414 February | 3.0× |
| Konstancin-JeziornaMazovia, Poland | 7 | 65.024 February | 3.0× |
| KranjUrban Municipality of Kranj, Slovenia | 2 | 58.411 February | 3.0× |
| LegionowoMazovia, Poland | 4 | 71.724 February | 3.0× |
| SremčicaCentral Serbia, Serbia | 3 | 69.924 February | 3.0× |
| Joué-lès-ToursCentre-Val de Loire, France | 2 | 28.717 February | 3.0× |
| LuganoTicino, Switzerland | 6 | 35.218 February | 3.0× |
| PúchovTrenčín Region, Slovakia | 3 | 48.824 February | 3.0× |
| ŻyrardówMazovia, Poland | 5 | 68.224 February | 3.0× |
| ChambéryAuvergne-Rhône-Alpes, France | 2 | 30.719 February | 3.0× |
| FlensburgSchleswig-Holstein, Germany | 1 | 26.821 February | 2.9× |
| GrenobleAuvergne-Rhône-Alpes, France | 4 | 36.819 February | 2.9× |
| PerchtoldsdorfLower Austria, Austria | 3 | 38.824 February | 2.9× |
| BurghausenBavaria, Germany | 4 | 33.821 February | 2.9× |
| TraunreutBavaria, Germany | 3 | 32.620 February | 2.9× |
| PécsBaranya, Hungary | 4 | 46.427 February | 2.9× |
| HandlováTrenčín Region, Slovakia | 6 | 39.824 February | 2.9× |
| NišCentral Serbia, Serbia | 2 | 82.825 February | 2.9× |
| RēzekneRēzekne, Latvia | 2 | 41.524 February | 2.9× |
| HavířovMoravian-Silesian Region, Czechia | 2 | 59.017 February | 2.9× |
| ŽideniceSouth Moravian, Czechia | 1 | 45.211 February | 2.9× |
| KroměřížZlín, Czechia | 3 | 31.417 February | 2.9× |
| CalafatDolj, Romania | 4 | 71.114 February | 2.9× |
| SzczecinWest Pomerania, Poland | 3 | 53.113 February | 2.9× |
| Frankfurt am MainHesse, Germany | 3 | 34.721 February | 2.9× |
| ThionvilleGrand Est, France | 1 | 27.720 February | 2.9× |
| DębicaSubcarpathia, Poland | 5 | 72.617 February | 2.9× |
| GyöngyösHeves County, Hungary | 1 | 31.224 February | 2.9× |
| Lauda-KönigshofenBaden-Wurttemberg, Germany | 2 | 30.321 February | 2.9× |
| GdyniaPomerania, Poland | 3 | 47.023 February | 2.8× |
| BorCentral Serbia, Serbia | 3 | 71.926 February | 2.8× |
| GießenHesse, Germany | 3 | 34.013 February | 2.8× |
| MartinŽilina Region, Slovakia | 5 | 50.620 February | 2.8× |
| AlbertvilleAuvergne-Rhône-Alpes, France | 2 | 28.219 February | 2.8× |
| InđijaVojvodina, Serbia | 2 | 67.925 February | 2.8× |
| PrzemyślSubcarpathia, Poland | 3 | 62.127 February | 2.8× |
Daily means in µg/m³. Usual: the city's median for this time of year (its days within 21 days of the date, every year, leaving out the week around it). Above usual: its highest day against that.
Against other episodes in Germany and France
Number 2 of 42 episodes in Germany and France since our records began, by cities reached.
- Central Europe, February 2023604
- Central Europe, February and March 2025513
- Central Europe, February 2025503
- Central Europe, January and February 2026498
- Central Europe, March 2025458
- Central Europe, March 2026442
- Central Europe, January 2025383
- Central Europe, March 2026361
- Central Europe, March 2025333
- Central Europe, February and March 2023274
- Central Europe, December 2025 to January 2026170
- Eastern Europe, January 2025123
Bars: cities reached; colour: the level of the episode's highest daily reading. All 42.
Use this page
SmogRank, Central Europe, February and March 2025: 513 cities with PM2.5 at twice their usual or more, 14 February to 1 March 2025, smogrank.com/episodes/2025-02-central-europe-2 (accessed 2 October 2026).
You're welcome to reuse a single chart, image or figure with this citation and a link. Terms.
An episode is a run of days when many cities close to each other (four or more within 350 km on a day, 8 or more in all) each had a daily PM2.5 mean of at least 25 µg/m³ and at least 2 times their usual for that time of year. Found in our own measurements, not picked by hand. How we find episodes. Values are each city's daily mean of its own monitors; causes are the usual kinds for a pattern like this, not a confirmed source.